Drug Screening in Government Assistance Programs

do medicates wake in presidential term Assistance curriculumsThe United States Federal Government Should Initiate Drug Screening For Citizens Who Seek Government Assistance.Negative Strategy 1As Pollack, Danziger, Jayakody Seefeldt (2002) affirm, initiating free dug concealment for every(prenominal) citizens seeking administration avail is emphatic eachy costly. The purchase of modern do do mediciness masking providement in numbers that impart be able to cover charge all sight who apply for benefit programs, especially with the large population of America, would certainly be an expensive exercise. In addition, want any other machine, the dose screen equipment leave behind accept regular servicing and maintenance, which require much resources at close intervals. It is as undoubted that in assemble for the screening programs to be successful, medical professionals and technological professionals allow for need to take part. This implies that a competent staf f that comprises of specialists in all relevant sectors of operation and in appropriate numbers go out obligatorily be employed to make the program a success. Appargonntly, the cost of buying the do doses screening equipment, maintaining them, and pay for all the involved expenses including the human resources is to the highest degree possible to exceed the amount of money that the federal official organisation would fork over on implementing drug screening indemnity to persons seeking organizations assistance (Pollack et al., 2002). Similar to Pollack et al. (2002), C bey (1998) emphasizes that the writ of execution of compulsory drug interrogatory policies to citizens who seek for governments assistance is unnecessary, unjustifiable, and the highest level of misappropriation of taxpayers money.The instruction execution of laws that support mandatory drug screening for peck applying for government assistance is unnecessary and misappropriation of taxpayers moneyTherefo re, it unnecessary and unjustifiable that the federal government engages in a more expensive program with intentions to save taxpayers money, as the implementation of the drug screening program will cost a lot more of the taxpayers money than the well-being programs as they currently are (before the implementation of the policy).Fielding, Long, Imam, Tye Ogawa (2002) further states that initiating drug screen for all citizens seeking governments assistance is likely to have very little (negligible) or notwithstanding no effect on the prevalence of drug call in the country. According to Fielding et al. (2002), a majority of people who are financially vulnerable in the United States are not drug addicts. The cost of drugs in the country is relatively expensive for many people belonging to poor population, especially with the high tax rates that the government has implemented on drugs over subsequent years. They also notes that it is much more reasonable for the Federal government to determine the prevalence drug intention in the country by assessing people based in their ages rather than income, as a majority of drug engrossrs fall within the creative ages of between 16 and 40 years (Fielding et al., 2002). Hence, the implementation of drug screening policy, which only demands for mandatory drug testing among the economically vulnerable, is likely coquette an insignificant role in controlling drug go for in the country.Referring to Guthrie (1990), the implementation of the mandatory drug screening initiative for persons participating in welfare programs is unconstitutional and a violation of people rights to privacy and granting immunity to make personal choices. With the drug screening policy requiring that all people needing government assistance must be tested for all sorts of drugs including alcoholic drink and baccy before they can be eligible for the assistance, it is clear that the implementation of the policy will breach the law, especially with the fact that alcohol and tobacco are legal drugs in the United States. Provided one has attained the inevitable age, he or she has the right handling drugs that are legal for whichever reasons. Thus, it is unconstitutional and discriminative for the Federal government to deny law-abiding citizens the right to use legal drugs just because they are financially vulnerable and requires assistance from government-sponsored welfare programs.Negative strategy 1Rather than implementing mandatory drug screening policy to all citizens who apply for welfare programs, the government should support awareness creation programs that will discourage all members of the society to desist from drug abuse (DiNardo, 1994). The government should support school-based programs that aim at educating students in all levels of education ranging from elementary, secondary, middle-level colleges, to universities on the dangers of drug use. The government should equally use the mainstream media to run campaigns that discourage drug use while at the like time limit the campaigns on the same media that promote drug use. The federal government should equally compel all drug manufacturers to include antifertility or warning messages on the packages of their products to educate consumers on the negative make of the drugs they are using. Through the creation of consciousness on the need to detest drug use, it is clear that many people will develop an informal motivation to break off drug abuse rather than being compelled to forbear using drugs because one is financially vulnerable.As Pavetti, Olson, Nightingale, Duke Isaacs (1997) points out, drug addiction is like a chronic disease and one hardly, whether willingly or unwillingly, stop the practice overnight. Stopping drug use is a inert process, and drug addicts need to be taken through comprehensive behavior wobble programs that may take up to one or two years. ground on that, the Federal government should construct more rehabilitation facilities and equip them with the necessary human resources and machinery with which to support drug addicts to stop unproductive drug use instead of implementing the dictatorial and illegal drug testing policy on applicants of governments assistance. The access to the rehabilitation programs should equally be enhanced, particularly by making them affordable to all people including the economically vulnerable. Using the behavior change programs where professionals take drug addicts through gradual steps in on how to stop the addiction, it is evident that the government is abut to get better results on drug control than implementing the drug policy, which will require people to forcefully, stop drug abuse in order to be eligible for welfare programs (Pavetti et al., 1997).An alternative strategy to implementing the drug screen policy on citizens needing governments assistance is the formulation and indeed implementation of strict legislations that govern drug use i n the country. As Hora, Schma Rosenthal (1998) support, the use of the legal infrastructure where all people who violate drug laws are punished promptly by the speak to of law is likely to give better results in the fight against drug use. The legislations should provide a platform on which people who take illicit drugs, those who sell drugs to minors, and those who use drugs inappropriately are surely prosecuted and punished by huge fines and even imprisonment sentences. The federal government should improve surveillance on drug abusers and work with the judicial systems to ensure that all violators of drug laws are held responsible for their actions. Through that, people will shun from the illegal use of drugs, and that will help in controlling the prevalence of drug abuse in the society.ReferencesPollack, H. A., Danziger, S., Jayakody, R., Seefeldt, K. S. (2002). Drug testing welfare recipientsfalse positives, false negatives, unanticipated opportunities.Womens health Issues ,12(1), 23-31.Fielding, J. E., Long, A. M., Imam, I. J., Tye, G., Ogawa, P. L. (2002). The drug court programs of Los Angeles County the initial results.A Journal of the Substance Abuse Treatment,23(3), 217-224.Guthrie, P. M. (1990). The Drug Test and Welfare Taking of the Drug War into Unconstitutional Limits.Ind. LJ,66, 579.Carey, C. A. (1998). Crafting of a challenge to the practice of the drug testing welfare participants the federal welfare reform, and state response as one of the most recent chapters in the war against drugs.Buff. L. Rev.,46, 281.DiNardo, J. (1994). The critical review of estimates of the specific costs of alcohol and drug usage. InDrug testing in the workplace(pp. 57-76). Springer US.Pavetti, L., Olson, Nightingale, D., Duke, A. E., Isaacs, J. (1997). Welfare-to-Work Options for Families Facing Personal and Family Challenges Rationale and Program Strategies.Hora, P. F., Schma, W. G., Rosenthal, J. T. (1998). The therapeutic jurisprudence, as well as the dr ug treatment and court movement A Revolutionizing of the response system of the criminal justice to drug abuse, and crime in the U.S..Notre Dame L. Rev.,74, 439.

Development of Competent Nursing Skills

Development of Competent Nursing SkillsIntroductionThis essay focuses on a reflection on the development from novice, to competent beginner, to skilled practitioner in the light of my own development in clinical nursing shape. It is base on the signposts identified within my clinical instruction portfolio and focuses on the impression of the assistanting voice and fondness skills within nursing answer. It utilises a wistful framework to better mark and reflect upon the journey from novice to practitioner.The lay for reflection I take a leak chosen is Gibbs Reflective wheel (see Appendix). reflectiveness has been descri get it on as as a process of internally examining and exploring an have intercourse of concern, triggered by an experience which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self, and which results in a agitated conceptual perspective (Boyd and Fales, 1983). Therefore, the experiences of my three placements are explored beneath three rotations of Gibbs Cy cle. Meretoja et al (2004) state that nurses self-recognition of own level of competency is essential in maintaining towering standards of dispense. I have chosen the sympathize with manipulation based on my own recognition of the level of competence achieved in this area.Cycle iodinNovice to sophisticated beginnerWhat Happened.I had to assist a persevering in with in-person alimony make them comfort equal to(p) in bed and collaborate in pressure area management assist with toileting, washing, mouthcare, and act of emollient cream. I also had to document care and any deviations from the norm.FeelingsI was really aware of my inexperience and of the trust this long-suffering placed in my and the nursing team. I was also aware of the intimate nature of the care I was providing, and the fact that it was basic care also highlighted the fundamental role such care has in geting wellness promotion and patient eudaimonia.EvaluationI was uncomfortable at first, and clumsy in the preparedness of the various cheeks of care. However, my mentor was informative, verifying and helpful, which assisted me in doing the various tasks. However, I found it difficult to complete these as quickly as I should have. I did learn to communicate with the patient and provide a peeled approach. abbreviationThis situation required fundamental aspects of the warmth role. It also demonstrates the intimacy between basic nursing care an e very other aspect of nursing. The NMC (2004) requires nurses to provide individualised care for their patients. The care for this person was based on their own inevitably and adapted as those needs changed. I was able to refer those needs and develop competency in providing care at this level. The caring role was very rewarding but physically and emotionally taxing However, I was still in the process of identifying particular needs and responding to them, such as toileting, which required me on the job(p) with others in a cooperative man ner, which I did not image easy. I also realised how oft I did not sock about nursing.ConclusionIn this situation, I could have developed much collaborative working skills and modelled myself on those intimately me more actively ie., copied the ways in which other nurses and healthcare assistants provided care. When I did do this, it was effective. But I found that despite my enthusiastic approach, my companionship base meant that I did not eer understand the rationale for what I was doing.Action PlanThe action plan from this was to take the confidence and competence I had developed in the practical skills and incorporate them into all aspects of the caring role. It was also to identify areas where my knowledge base was lacking, and seek out this knowledge. keeping knowledge up to date is a requirement of the NMC code of condut (NMC, 2004). work collaboratively is another NMC requirement (NMC, 2004). Taking this knowledge forward into practice do this process of reflecti on a learning activity.Cycle TwoAdvanced BeginnerWhat HappenedAs part of my role assisting with patient care, I had to admonisher pain levels and assist with providing analgesia as prescribed, along with monitoring its effectiveness. This was a operative placement, and I also discussed with elderly patient their coping and wellbeing subsequently hospital discharge. I engaged in health education and support to enable clients to be self-caring.I was also responsible for monitoring wellbeing through performing and recording clinical observations, recording fluid brace and reporting any abnormalities. I was also involved in providing personal care to patients in a safe manner, especially in the giving medicine of waste products.FeelingsTo begin with, I mat glad to be working at a more advanced level of competency, and entangle footsure in my basic nursing skills including performing clinical observations. However, the increased pauperism also meant increased pressure and I was aware of this. Again, I felt that I had developed a degree of competency but was very aware of my need to develop further knowledge and skills. The caring role involved supporting people and I had to access other professionals to go through I gave the right information and that my care had been effective.EvaluationIt was good to find that I had the clinical competence to effectively monitor clinical status. However, the interwoven nature of patient needs meant that I still didnt always know the answers to their questions. Being involved in discharge planning was an change activity for myself and the patients. I developed competence in the administration of medications, under supervision, including controlled drugs, but felt I still needed more practice and skill in this area. Colleagues noted my competence and qualified staff were talented to delegate a range of appropriate tasks to me.AnalysisIt would appear that the caring role means the provision of patient centred, holistic care. This was achievable in this situation but required a lot of knowledge and the force to provide focused attention and empathic care whilst carrying out multiform clinical nursing tasks. This was harder to achieve, and I was made aware of my continued learning needs more or less medication and surgical care, for example. However, I must have developed some competence as qualified staff were smart to delegate to me and to act on my feedback.ConclusionIt is hard to see what else I could have done, except perhaps done more reading around surgical care, discharge planning and the nurse-patient relationship.Action PlanIt was possible to identify in store(predicate) learning needs, and so my action plan included make on my current competence by engaging in more advanced practice, under supervision. Having the confidence to engage in more abstruse nursing tasks will help me to achieve more competence in advanced practice in the future. Recognising the demands of the caring role means that I will view future practice as based upon this role.Cycle ThreeCompetent LevelWhat Happened.I monitored patients with chronic pain and helped with analgesia. I also supported patients with freedom of choice for their own care (NMC, 2004) and provided personal and palliative care in sensitive manner. I mastered more advanced practical nursing skills including aseptic technique and safe establishment of sharps. I fully documented all care given, and recorded medication given, and communicated to staff at shift change during the nursing handover.FeelingsDuring this experience, I felt that my knowledge and experience in the caring role was finally access together. I was confident and happy in engaging with patients and providing empathy and a supportive manner, whilst also carrying out more complex clinical tasks appropriately and effectively. It was very nerve-wracking giving handover, but I became more confident as I had more practice.EvaluationI was able to provide care of a high standard, and recognise my sphere of competence and seek help when needed. I was able to engage in effective caring relationships with clients, pucker their individual needs, but also value my own input into their wellbeing.AnalysisIt was obvious that I had moved on to a level of nursing competence which allowed me some autonomy. I was able to act with less manoeuvre supervision, but still access the support of the whole care team. The caring role extended to the provision of all care, including end of life care, and I was able to utilise my knowledge and experience and also identify my learning in action, and my future learning needs, which have changed since the first reflection.ConclusionThe change from novice to competent practitioner in the caring role has demonstrate not only the acquisition of skill but the incorporation of clinical abilities into what is really a way of being with patients.Action PlanSignposting future learning needs is important following this reflection. I was able to identify the need to still learn advanced clinical skills and perhaps know more about the range of other professionals who could enhance care in individual situations.ConclusionThis reflection has signposted my development towards competent nursing practice. The caring role encompasses provision of basic care, advanced techniques, medication and pain relief, health promotion, end of life care and collaborative care. It seems to be the fundamental and most important part of nursing practice.Collaboration and coordination, as well as the holistic management of the situation, are highly recognized as meaning(prenominal) characteristics of competent nursing practice (Meretoja et al, 2002).ReferencesBoyd E, Fales A. (1983) Reflecting learning key to learning from experience. do-gooder Psychol 23 (2) 99117.Gibbs, G. (1988) Learning by Doing. A Guide to teaching method and Learning Methods Further Education Unit, Oxford Polytechnic, OxfordMeretoja, R., Leino-K ilpi, H. Kair, A. (2004) Comparison of nurse competence in different hospital work environments Journal of NursingManagement.12(5) 329336Meretoja, R., Eriksson, E. Leino-Kilpi, H. (2002) Indicators for competent nursing practice Journal of Nursing Management 10(2) 95-102Nursing and Midwifery Council (2004) Code of need Available from www.nmc-uk.org Accessed 30-4-07.

Types Of Bluetooth Hacking Computer Science Essay

Types Of Bluetooth Hacking Computer Science EssayBluetooth is a wireless technology which is used to exchange information over short range of distances by making use of short-wavelength radio transmissions. This technology is used in meandering(a) as well as fixed winds. It enables the connection of several devices at the same time.Given that the Bluetooth has been used for a long time, there follow several flaws in the system. These flaws have been subject to different types of attacks over time, unguarded to hacking. which makes the technology veryTypes of Bluetooth hackingBluejackingThe first most popular attack on Bluetooth enables devices is Bluejacking. This type of attack enables unknown sight to diffuse unwanted messages or electronic condescension fargons to Bluetooth enabled nomadic hollos. The assaulters modify the procedure for card passing so as to make the message to be send to appear as a business card and then send the business card to a nearby mobile pho ne which is Bluetooth enabled.Bluejacking tools argon very easy to use and these messages can be shooted in crowdy places for examples in shopping malls. Some people even use the bluejacking technique to send commercialised advertisement messages to people passing nearby.BluesnarfingThe Bluesnarfing attack is much to a greater extent damaging to the bluejacking technique as it enables you to wirelessly connect to to Bluetooth enables mobile phones without both fellowship from the owner and copy their the mobile phones address book, their sms messages, their cry (out) logs and some much advanced features enable you to to update the directory of the mobile by adding new contacts in the mobile phones.Most bluesnarfing tools are downloaded as JAR files.The Bluesanrfing technique plant exchangeable the Bluejacking technique by making use of the exchange of business cards. This exchange is done using the OBEX protocol and enables the Bluetooth machine to connect to the device which needs to be compromised but instead of exchanging a business card, it beseech for information (the phonebook file, the call logs etc) from the target.BluebuggingThe Bluebugging attack is more powerful than the bluejacking and bluesnarfing attacks. It allows the attacker to take complete control of your mobile phone without the user clear-sighted anything about it. They can make phone calls, listen to conversations where the phone is located. Bluesanrfing capabilities withal exist in bluebugging tools like copying the phone book and the the phones call list.What factors make the Bluetooth technology vulnerable?Previous Bluetooth enabled devices contined many flaws.Users use pins which are short in length and easy to find out.Users accepting matrimony blindly from unknows sources.Motivated hackers who want to gain valuable information.People going their Bluetooth permanently on.How to Bluejack1. scratch a busy place where lots of mobile phones might be, such as shopping centres , trains, bars or cinemas2. make water a new entry in your phones address book like Hi youve been bluejacked. Attach a picture if you want to.3. Search the nation for other Bluetooth phones to contact and choose one.4. Send your message. They then receive the message, Hi youve been bluejacked.5. Keep a look out for when your victim gets the message and the get look on their face.Comparison between Bluetooth Hacking ToolsToolSource turn onAvailabilityComplexity/Ease of UseFeaturesPurposeTypes of attack backwardnessSuper Bluetooth Hack 1.6 electric shock filing cabinetFreeMediumFind Bluetooth enabled devices.Copy Phone Book, Copy SMS messages.Copy Logs (Dialled, Received calls).Make calls . happen Mobile Information.For HackingBluesnarfing yoke askBloooverJar FileFree tardilyScan for Bluetooth enabled devices.Access logs.For proof of concept, educational, audit and testing purposes only.BluejackingPairing RequiredWorks only on old version of mobile phonesBlueshootJar fileFreeEas yScan for Bluetooth enabled devices.Shoot messages.For marketing/commercial puposesBluejackingPairing RequiredMagic Blue HackJar FileFreeMediumScan for Bluetooth enabled devices.Send MessagesRead Phone Book.For HackingBluesnarfingPairing RequiredINSERT INFO FOR TOOL ON LINUXCOMPLEXFor HackingBluesnarfing surety Tips to prevent attacks on mobile phonesEnable Passcode Lock on Your phoneThe most basic precaution you can take is to enable passcode interlace and set it to automatically engage after a brief pointedness of inactivity. By default, a passcode is not required to unlock the phone. Most people would put off this security measure for ease of use and convenience. However, the right is that once you have it enabled, it becomes second nature and you would not notice any difference. It is recommended that you set a strong passcode. In the event of a somatic theft, this allow increase the effort required to compromise your phone.Disable Features That Could Be Accessed Without En tering the PasscodeThis would prevent the use of applications from your phone without your knowledge.Disable geotagging on the phone.This leave behind prevent attackers find out where you are located.Erase All the data Before Return, Repair, or Resale of Your phone.Erase all confidential information so that attackers cannt retrieve your personal information.Regularly Update the phones Firmware or operate system.This will nebale you to get the latest security features for your mobile phones.Disable Bluetooth When not in UseDisabling Bluetooth when not in use will prevent attackers from getting access to you phone when not in use.

The Manifestations Of Globalisation Politics Essay

The Manifestations Of sphericalisation politics EssayMittelman (2000, p 15) accedes that The manifestations of globalisation include the spatial re g everywherening body of production, the pervasion of industries across b drifts, the spread of financial markets, the diffusion of identical consumer goods to distant countries, large transfers of population- master(prenominal)ly at bottom the South as well as from the South and the easternmost to the West, and an emerging worldwide (though non universal) preference for democracy.This introduction allow for sidle up and lightly touch on the key points and arguments being raised, all of which pull up stakes be elaborated on further in the body of the essay. We will first look at the impact globalisation has had on the world.globalization is merely a result of the mobility of three of the four factors of production, these factors being apprehend, swell and enterprise. However the globalization of worry has led to an emergin g global finish as ideas and intimacy atomic number 18 transported throughout the world. This emerging culture, coupled with the command for laws and regulation has given birth to the ideology of Global politics (Bertucci, Alberti). As the mess procedures grew and crossed borders, where practices and cultures differed, there came the need for an internationalist norm.As with anything spic-and-span in this world, there will be arguments both(prenominal) for and against, however it is authoritative that the topic of globalization is a controversial one. The hyperglobalist would repugn that free trade creates opportunities for global prosperity, peace and development and that both parties benefit from the mobilisation of trade, (Moore, 2003, p 9). On the other side of the coin, however, the globalization sceptics argue that one company loses out (usually the maturation nations) and the rise of Global governing body poses a menace to a verdants sovereignty as some econom ies perplex interdependent or hitherto reliant on Foreign Direct Investment. (Martell, 2010)Further arguments ingest exploitation of the labour market and human rights violations all in the shit of competitive advantage. Brune (2005) states that globalization has led to a drastic increase in child labour, sweatshops and other unethical practices as developing nations race for economical development, and so called first-world status. Finally we will look at the most military press issue on the horizon today the environment. Many believe that the quick spread of business and economic development is destroying the natural environment, thus fosterage the argument of sustainable turnth.All these issues affect not only the business world, and the state too, and k instantaneously given rise to outside(a) Governance Institutions which in simple price serve to regulate, mediate and facilitate trade.The pre-globalisation state Traditional functions of the central governmentThe general assumption is that the government is a representation of a nation and that it is their job to uphold the rights of their people. Sliglitz states simply that the single-valued function of the state 150 years ago was to build the national saving and promote nation-building. Before globalization, the law began and ended with the government it was the state that distinct what policies to introduce, what laws to impose and enforce, how trade would be handled and mostly the degree of democracy within the country.The state preciously functioned on self interest, having no forceful outer obliges meant that governance was a local anaestheticised aspect, left up to the cultures, traditions, beliefs and preferences of that particular society. accord to Mefleh, the state served to provide public goods, such as defence, education eon maintaining order and bringing about economic growth. Globalization however, has impacted the delegacy the state functions and set international st andards that have be to adhered to in order to keep up with the wave of economic growth through assist from organizations such as the humanity Bank and IMF. The biggest factor that has forced governments to transition and change their way of governing has been the spread of democracy in discipline and communication and the demand for transp arency by the global community. worldwide Governance Organisations A new hierarchyHowever, Global economic integration has resulted in legion(predicate) emerging trends, one of the most important being the democratisation of information and communications (Friedman).One of the fore-fathers in economics, Adam Smith believed that an sparing that opened its trade up to the international world would open itself up to national economic growth, but as this has happened the fundamental aspects of economies have been alter worldwide, leading to changes the way business is done (Moore). Countries have enamourn change both economically and social ly, but these changes are not always positive, and this is where governance comes in. world(prenominal) governance organisations are meant to be a symbol of democracy and they have emerged as the need arose. They are large in numbers, and varied in their aims so we will look at some of the more powerful, long-familiar ones that are relevant to this essay. The United Nations is an umbrella organisation founded in 1945 afterward the Second World War, with the aim of preventing future disputes and wars through providing a plan for communication and mediation. This organisation has since expanded and ca phthisis a super power. The UN has 192 portion countries, out of the 245 countries in the world, each of which have to comply with the rules and regulations set by the organisation, or they risk losing out on the perks that come with being a member. A good example of this is the situation where in 2001 the IMF discontinued providing financial aid to Zimbabwe, as a result of the defi cit occurred IMF. The International monetary Fund (IMF) serves to provide developing nations with the finances necessary to develop their economies. When the debt was not repaid, and the IMF felt the terms had been broken they made a declaration of non-cooperation with the Zimbabwean government, cutting off the country from financial aid. This move put pressure on the government to rectify the issues that led to this deficit, as without financial plunk for the developing nation would be unable to achieve its poverty-relief goals.One of the main arguments against globalization is that developing nations receive the short end of the stick as they cannot compete in the international market against developed nations who have the knowledge, engineering science and finance which give these nations the competitive advantage. As a result of this, the World Trade Organization (WTO), which has 153 member states, has taken the role of trade mediator. This organization promotes free trade an d assists in the building of trade blocs, international normalisation and trade regulations. The WTO has several committees which deal with anything from assessing standards and enforcing international standards, to environmental concerns, to anti-dumping legislation and has over time questioned trade practices, criticised, ostracised and helped develop trade blocs which have ultimately support numerous countries in their economic rise. India for example having a large, well-trained population was not able to penetrate the services industry in remote markets until theGlobal governance has emerged in a time when it is needed. Many can argue that it takes away the power of the nation- state but there are many organizations that have changed the lives of people worldwide. The ILO enforces the International Labour Law, aimed at promoting equality, social justice, immunity of speech and an end to poverty. As the presence of unions has waned the ILO has been at the fore-front fightin g for the rights of the labour force worldwide. An example of just how global this organization is would be the travail run by the ILO in Mogadishu, Somalia. This country has disciplinen years of economic strife, semi semipolitical instability and yet this organization was able to provide programmes that provided employment uttermost(prenominal) projects while promoting the equality of both men and women in the workplace. In a country that does not have a functioning government we see the need for a global system, for international standards and the benefits of having such organizations.Post-globalisation The emerging roles of the state.It is pass that the welfare state is diminishing as free-market practices are being follow and democracy is spreading like wildfire. However, although globalization has brought about many positive things, there have also been negative ones. As mentioned earlier in the introduction, the environment has become a great concern as businesses grow a nd the environment is damaged. One of the most esteemed and powerful organizations that exist alone to preserve the natural environment, Green Peace, have shown that businesses are polluting the water, air, irreparably detrimental the environment as they struggle to compete in their respective markets. Because of this, it has move on the state now to regulate carbon emissions and promote sustainable, environmental friendly growth. In the United States the Environmental Protection Agency in California has set laws regarding carbon emissions and in Germany cars have to adhere to the Euro4 standards. These examples of how governments are implementing laws and regulations to protect the environment are just a few of the numerous measures being taken as a result of the pressure from the International community, and organisations such as Green Peace.Although globalization has led to the mobility of talent and knowledge it has also resulted in a wave of migrant labour from developing co untries, to more economically developed nations. This has caused governments to tighten their immigration laws and so we see the aspect of nation-building is quench present. On this topic England are imposing austere measures on allowing foreigners access to the country, after a period where laws regarding this were relatively slack (BBC NEWS). These laws are aimed mainly to protect the labour market as local Britons are losing work to migrant labour willing to accept dishonor wages and sub-standard working conditions while benefitting from the state-funded welfare. Governments now have to consider the implications of globalization on the labour market and act appropriately as they are still responsible for their citizens, even more so in pop environments.The state does not only have to answer to any external organization it may be a part of, but in modern day politics the state has to answer to their people too. The media has become a powerful tool, and with democracy so wide- spread the elected state has become a medium of representation for the people, and is no longer a infract entity. The state still functions to develop the economy and protect its labour market, but now it also has the additional role of creating strategic alliances aimed at beef up trade bonds that will contribute positively towards the economy. It is up to the government now to decide just how far they are willing to integrate and to use the platforms set up by organizations such as the WTO to negotiate the terms of trade to increase their competitiveness in the international market.To look right away at the question of International Governance organisations undermining the state, we can see that the state no longer has the power that it once used to. Each country that is a member of these global governing bodies has to abide by international law, and face criticism and even legal proceedings by the International Court of Justice. However, generally speaking, the state has becom e more transparent and even though they are answerable to other governing bodies, the state still has influence. Unfortunately some countries have more power than others depending on their political ties, but ceteris paribus, the state still has a necessary role to play.

Cultural Policy in the UK

ethnic form _or_ system of g everywherenment in the UKCULTURAL POLICY IN THE UK Mid-1960s to late mid-eighties ethnic polity in the UK Critical overview of the give out 30 years marching music 2010In the last three decades (approximately 1980 to 2010), pagan insurance in the UK has taken a publicly questionable direction. Overall, ethnic insurance and practices of the past 30 years brace been overwhelmed by vernal-made neo-liberal communications and ideologies, namely sparing freethinking, monetarism, neo-conservatism, commodification of shade, managerialism and performativity. Examining separately of these in turn, it be observes app atomic number 18nt that a grocery-driven, neo-liberal approach to UK heathenish indemnity has generally failed in each of its call forthd aims frugal growth, esthetical integrity, growthd get at to the liberal liberal arts, and affectionate justice.The mid-seventies were a real turning point in toll of heathen policy, wit h gigantic policy alternates occurring from this time on both at bottom and without the pagan heavens. In several(prenominal) ways, the earlier mid-seventies epitomised heathenish and semi semipolitical touchs with the general wellbeing of the public, and some support of the arts for their own rice beer rather than as an means of broader political and social change. The early 1970s aphorism, in some(prenominal) ways, a political climate of idealism. pagan policy of the time bounceed this atmo field of operations. However, there were drastic political, ethnic, and ideological changes made later in the 1970s which learn, to a degree, continued to shape the ethnical policy discourse of the next thirty years and up to the present day ( antiquated, 2007). In the heathenish sector as a whole, Gray describes the enlargement of what he calls instrumental policies (Gray, 2007, p.5) since the mid-1970s. By this verge Gray describes the switch over in ethnic polic y from an arms-length, distanced organizational approach to the arts and husbandry to a political interest in using the ethnical sector as an instrument, or instruments, of social, scotch, and political change. In the first decades of province patronage of the arts, the humanities Council saw itself non as a source of direction, not as a source of artistic policy, but as a kind of enable body (Stevens, 1998 10, quoted in Caust, 2003, p.52). By the late 1970s, just, this attitude on the per centum of the state had changed dramatically. Instead of standing back and simply allowing the arts to develop and flourish via generous state subsidy and support, some Western governments including that of the unify nation developed the political orientation that they could and should instead expect outcomes for their investments (Caust, 2003, p. 52). The overwhelming shift to a market-based, market-driven ideology in bounds of pagan policy has had many negative force-outs upon t he arts themselves, and several tangentially-related areas of the social and political landscape. In the last thirty years, it is sparing change which appears to deliver been the states prime concern in terms of heathenish policy, despite public assertions to the contrary. Gray states that the ideological and organisational changes toward instrumental policy-making feed had an effect upon what the state does, how it does it, and the justifications and reasons that keep been correct forward to explain them (Gray, 2007, p.5). The reforms that relieve oneself taken place in the body politic of heathenish policy in the unify Kingdom have been summarised by scholars as various(a)ly representing a mode of privatisation (Alexander and Rueschemeyer, 2005, pp. 71-4), or one of commodification (Gray, 2000). Privatisation concerns, variously, a heightened level of interventionism in the management and administration of public assets (Gray, 2007, p.5) by orphic entities or actors o r the sale of previously-nationalised state industries and assets to the tete-a-tete sphere. Commodification is a term riding habitd to describe wider changes in political exploits and ideology, concerning the replacement of ethnical honor derived from its usefulness, to entertain derived from its exchangeability (Gray, 2007, p.5). Commodification results from an ideological shift in spite of appearance the state, and this drive out be seen as a driving force in pagan policy tuitions within the last thirty years. Despite government assertions that artistic excellence and broadened public access to the arts are prime concerns of the state, sparingal concerns are also lots of perhaps overriding concern to the Thatcher, Major, Blair and embrown administrations which governed Britain betwixt 1980 and 2010. Tony Blairs opening statement in the government publication agriculture and creativity The Next Ten Years (____) makes the economic preoccupation of the government in relation to ethnical policy quite explicit. Blair acknowledges a connection among creativity and occupation and then makes an economic justification for his governments investment in supporting creativity in its broadest sense (Caust, 2007, p. 55). With reference to both culture and creativity, Blair states they also matter because original talent go forth be life-or-death to our undivided and national economic success in the economy of the coming(prenominal) (Smith, 2001 3 quoted in Caust, 2007, p.55). Economic RationalismEconomic rationalism is a term first coined in Australia with regards to economic policies and ideologies which favour privatisation of state industries, a free-market economy, economic deregulation, reduction of the wel fartheste state, change magnitude indirect taxation and rase direct taxation (Pusey, 1991). Such policies were special(prenominal)ly widespread in a global context during the 1980s and 1990s. The policies of Thatcherism leave an examp le of economic rationalism in action. The origins of the term economic rationalism were actually favourable, in describing market-oriented policies of various administrations in Australia, the UK and the US in the 1970s and 1980s (Pusey, 1991). In the 1990s, the term started to be use with an unfavourable tone, toward the Third Way policies of both the Australian Labour Party and the UK impudent Labour party of the 1990s. Both these parties initiated market-driven reforms within their political ideologies, which laid them closer to Thatcherite economic rationalism via increased strain upon the privy sector in economic, political, and cultural arenas (Pusey, 1991). These were parties which had not traditionally placed a comparatively great(p) wildness upon the free-market economy, and therefore the term economic rationalism has been used sanely disparagingly to indicate that these parties have, to a degree, stipulation up their historically leftist roots, when social justice and expansion of the welfare state took precedence over sheer capitalism. In terms of cultural policy, economic rationalism is evident throughout the 1980s and 1990s in the United Kingdom. Thatcherist policies in the 1980s placed scarce ideological and practical focus upon the free market, and in terms of cultural policy this translated to cuts in arts and education budgets, and the development of private-public partnership in cultural financing. The logical effect of such(prenominal) policies was that the arts, in particular, became increasingly monetised and reliant upon market and mass good luck charm in order to survive economically. The UK governments of the 1980s and 1990s placed great ideological and political emphasis upon the economic potential of the countrys cultural sector. Bennett (1995) views such economic potential as creation used as a prime justification for state action and interventions within the cultural sector (p. 205-7). However, as Gray (2007) point s out, this is not necessarily the same as see culture as a mechanism for economic regeneration (p. 16). The governments of the 1980s and 1990s appear to have sought to use various pretexts, including economic arguments, in order to justify their interventions in the sphere of cultural policy, however their true intentions most of the time were to stimulate broader economic growth through such cultural policies. As we shall see later, attempts at stimulating economic growth through cultural policy have, by and large, failed overall.Caust (2007) asserts that more recent government policy debates have been prevail by an economic figure (p.52). Arguments which focus upon the economic value of the arts have developed, and thus a political atmosphere is created in which the intrinsic value or charge that society may place upon the arts is trumped by the arts stringently economic value. Economic rationalism, through its emphasis on the free market and upon the private sector, speeds the development of such an atmosphere, which permeated the UK cultural policy sector throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Although Causts discussion (2007) focuses on cultural policy in the Australian context, there are many parallels with UK cultural policy during the same time period. Caust describes a changing climate in which less emphasis came to be placed on the definition of art itself and upon value judgments of a particular art piece or art form by hold experts. Instead, market theory is accent, and increased importance is placed upon those art forms which can achieve the greatest commercial success. In the realm of cultural policy, such a change in the mode of arts valuation by the state leads to the desire to support arts activity which was commercial, exportable and cost-effective (Caust, 2007, p.52). In the realm of cultural production, the natural result of such cultural policies is the emergence of mass cultural products which satisfy the market. Simon Cowell, and the m assive, global Pop god and X Factor talent-show franchises he created, epitomises the result of two decades of economic rationalism. These programs, in which amateur singers compete in a televised, viewer-voted series, are vastly commercially successful and have been licensed in the US and many European and Latin American countries. Cowell has made a fortune, and it is typically a given that the winner of Pop Idol or The X Factor leave behind have the Christmas number-one single in the UK (2009/2010 was an exception to this rule, when a social-media campaign by design pushed a reissued single by agit-rock group Rage Against The Machine to the masking of the UK charts in a display of protest against the blandness and ubiquity of Cowells cover-song artists). magic spell a huge success in economical terms Cowells franchises melt all the government-desired traits of exportability and mass-market appeal, while stimulating sales of music media in sum to generating significant reve nue via paid telephone voting and merchandise it could scarce be indicated that the format of these shows stimulates artistic originality, experimentation, or melodious development in any significant way. The example above demonstrates that to give the market what it wants often leads to a lowest-common-denominator approach to cultural production and a bland muffle of the development of new and exciting art forms. Such effects of economic rationalism on cultural policy and therefore upon culture itself reflect Causts discussion of economic concerns and their effects on culture. As Caust states, such market-oriented cultural policy creates a compromising role for artists since serving the state as aneconomic generator is very different from taking risks artistically, or being innovative and creative generally. It could be argued this objective is little different from the expectations of a totalitarian state, in which its artists serve the states political aims. (Caust, 2007, p. 54)ManagerialismPrior to the late 1970s and early 1980s, governments had on the whole aimed to effect an arms-length approach in terms of arts management. One of the founding principles of the Arts Council itself was that it should be relatively strong-minded of the government itself, and not directly under government control. Gray (2007) far-famed the general tendency of governments to adopt relatively indirect forms of involvement (p.11). Gray states that this role can be advantageous for governments, as they are not especially held accountable for the results of such policies implemented at arms-length they can have some effect on the sector by producing general policies but, at the same time, they can avoid being held directly responsible or accountable for the specific policy choices that are then made on their behalf. (Gray, 2007, p.11)However, with the political, ideological, social and economic changes which took place when Thatcher was elected, the governments of the 1980 s onwards adopted an increasingly managerialistic approach to the arts and cultural policy. Increasingly, the arts management implemented by successive administrations over the last three decades has been moved towards a new style of management that has been influenced by private sector models (in the form of bang statements and marketing, for example) (Gray, 2000, p. 112). It certainly follows logically that governments which prioritise capitalism and the free market would be attracted to the idea of imposing private-sector management models upon spheres they were hoping would become economically amentiferous. Hence, successive governments have attempted to run the arts and cultural spheres, to some degree, as if they were private commercial enterprises. In many cases, this is a misunderstanding or legerdemain of the inherent nature of many areas of the arts.Generally, the start of managerialism in UK cultural policy can be seen during the reforms taking place under the label th e New Public Management (NPM) (Gray, 2007, p.6). NPM emphasised several core concepts, which were put into action via UK state intervention in the cultural sphere. Under NPM, managers in the arts realm were em exponented to make more decisions relating to their sphere of management results were prioritised, and valued, over processes managerial control was more generally decentralised competition in terms of public service provision was actively encouraged new emphasis was placed upon cognitive process measurement and management appointments now tended to be made through contracts rather than through seniority or hierarchy within the sector (Osborne and McLaughlin, 2002, p. 9 Pollitt, 2003a, pp. 27-8 Gray, 2007, p.6). Following the 1988 Ibbs Report, new managerial bodies were created by the government for example, the Executive Agencies (or, more formally, nary(prenominal)-Departmental Public Bodies) (Gray, 2007, p. 8). This led to a general decentralisation of government arts m anagement, but also to issues regarding accountability, managerial righteousness and the relationship of elected politicians and appointed managers with the prime example being that of the contact between the then Home Secretary Michael Howard and the then head of the prison house Service, Derek Lewis. (Gray, 2007, p. 8)Local Strategic Partnerships and Regional Development Agencies were newly-instigated modes of arts management, which further emphasised both the decentralisation of government cultural policy during this period. Additionally, these agencies show conclusion of overall managerialism towards the arts in that they demonstrate a devolution of power to local and regional arts managers. (Gray, 2007, p. 9) In later years, a somewhat different (modernizing) model of public management (Gray, 2007, p.6) was implemented, although the more general emphasis upon the concept of managerialism with respect to cultural policy did endure. Commodification of CultureIn tutelage with governmental emphasis upon the economy and the free market within the last three decades, there has followed an increasing commodification of culture. An obvious example of such commodification is enclose within the phrases cultural industries and creative industries, which were hailed by New Labour in the 1990s and 2000s as a means of economic regeneration in the United Kingdom. Caust (2007) argues that the development of a view of cultural activity and production as an industry grew not only from the government, but also from the cultural producers themselves When it became increasingly difficult in the early eighties to successfully argue the arts to government purely on the basis of the community welfare model, bureaucrats, practitioners and academics began the shift towards using a language that described the arts as an industry and developed the economic/cultural industry model. This led to the use of the terms cultural industries in Australia or in the United Kingdom, creat ive industries to describe all activities connected with the arts, as well as sectors far removed (Caust, 2007, p. 54)These cultural industries had been growing throughout the latter part of the twentieth century, aided by technological advances and global economic factors. In the northern hemisphere, populations were enjoying increased economic prosperity leisure time was on the increase generally television allowed mass cultural consumption in unprecedented fashion and consumer electronics including audio and video equipment were becoming widely available and inexpensive (Hesmondhalgh Pratt, 2005, p. 3). By the early 1980s, the state was increasingly aware of these growing cultural industries both within the UKs own economy, and on a more global level.A path of increasing commodification of public policies was followed since the mid-1970s, with resultant changes in a broad range of cultural spaces. Ideologies prior to this mass commodification of culture had determine society as a whole as the primary mean beneficiary of government cultural policy. Increased commodification led to a shift, as the intended beneficiary of cultural activity and policy was now the individual consumer (Gray, 2007, p.14). Whereas cultural policy had previously been judged upon a broad range of criteria including social justice, access, and excellence increasing commodification led to a narrowing of the criteria for judging cultural policy (ibid). Increased emphasis on the market value of cultural products and industries leads to an sound judgement of cultural policy in primarily, if not exclusively, economic terms. Again, this demonstrates a political preoccupation with the outcomes and outputs of cultural policy rather than the processes and inputs related to such policies, and a clear link between managerialism in cultural policy and the concomitant overall commodification of the culture produced under such a system. Performativity unless as the language and aims of commer cial private industry were adopted for the cultural policy sphere via managerialism, economic realism, and the commodification of culture, so too the cultural sphere adopted measures and concerns regarding exertion during the last three decades. Again, policies were judged on their results, their output and their products, and the economic success of cultural endeavour. In the realm of education, standardised performance tests have been increasingly introduced into the state schools, with the frequency, scope and range of educational tests increasingly greatly throughout the past thirty years. Likewise, in the sphere of cultural policy, tests of performance have also been increasingly implemented. These include countywide mathematical process Assessments, and the Comprehensive Area Assessments replacing them in 2009, Best Value Indicators, Key Lines of examination for Service Inspection, Local Area, Funding and Public Service Agreements, all of which provide explicit criteria aga inst which service provision can be assessed (Gray, 2007, p. 8-9).The driving ideology behind such a raft of new tests to measure cultural and educational performance would appear to be a notion of accountability. The government wants to prove to an often sceptical public that its policies, whether in education or in culture, are working. Decentralisation of managerial power, and increased managerialism in cultural policy, provide a layer of accountability, or at the very least(prenominal) a scapegoat for failed or disappointing policies. Again, this move towards evidence-based policy-making and assessment reflects the belief of successive governments that the models that work for business can be apply to the cultural sphere. It is uncertain whether this is in fact correct.Culture does not ladder in the same way as manufacturing or other private business enterprises, and the outputs or achievements of the cultural industries and creative industries may be relatively intangible a nd ultimately difficult to measure with performance tests. Here, again, the inappropriateness of applying capitalist, market-driven ideals to the sphere of cultural policy is exposed. Also, the possibility is raised that such performativity in the cultural sphere serves two, largely unstated functions for the government firstly, regular testing encourages increased cultural production, which within the confines of cultural industry could be anticipate to increase economic production secondly, such emphasis on performance provides a form of justification for government policy in the cultural sphere. There has always been dissent regarding state arts spending in the United Kingdom how much public money is spent, what it is spent on, and what pay back the British taxpayers can expect on their investment in the arts. doing tests in the cultural sector allow the state to point to unquestionable success, progress, or productivity in the cultural sector, which can be interpreted as p roof of successful cultural policy implementation. InstrumentalismInstrumentalism the use of cultural institutions and cultural policy to achieve specific political aims is in many ways as old as cultural policy itself. For as long as there has been state arts patronage in the United Kingdom, the state has attempted to utilise the institutions, activities and sectors it sponsored to make political, social and economic changes to society. In the most recent three decades, the emphasis has been upon the latter, whereas earlier in the twentieth century, more importance was perhaps placed upon concepts of social change and nation-building. The roots of the Arts Council the organisation CEMA which was instituted during the Second World War were in morale-building, increased public access, softening of Britains class divisions, and fostering patriotism and a sense of the unified nation. As such, state intervention in the cultural sphere has more often than not been with at least some intention of using said intervention as a political or other tool.Gray states that the museums sector, in particular, is effectively being used as a tool for the attainment of the policy objectives of actors and concerns that have traditionally been seen to lie outside of the museums sector itself (Gray, 2007, p. 3). Museums are particularly susceptible to political manipulation, as they occupy a unique cultural space in terms of creating a nations sense of history and heritage, and fostering ideas of nationhood and the future of a country. What is included or excluded in a museum, and the manner in which it is displayed and framed, has a huge effect upon its reception and the ideas it can inspire.Vestheim (1994), talking of cultural policy, defines instrumental policy as being to use cultural ventures and cultural investments as a means or instrument to attain goals in other than cultural areas (p. 65). In broad terms, all cultural policy, and by telephone extension all public pol icy, can be viewed as instrumental policy. exclusively policy is intended to achieve something (Gray, 2007, p. 205). So, while instrumentalitsm has always been a trace of cultural policy in the United Kingdom, it is in recent decades that it has come to the forefront of the cultural discourse. Thatcher, Major and New Labour under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown have all emphasised cultural policy as an instrument of economic regeneration, and achievement within the market. As such, they have acknowledged that their cultural policies are more baldly instrumental in nature than those of former administrations which at least paid lip service to ideals of social justice, welfare, and development of the arts for their own sake. Neo-ConservatismAfter the industrial and economic woes of the 1970s in the United Kingdom, the tide was ready to turn to neo-conservatism, and this was a change reflect in many of the Western societies. Reagan, for example, was president of the United States durin g the Thatcher regime in the UK, and both pursued Conservative policies within a capitalist framework. In cultural policy and artistic thinking, neo-conservatism was perhaps the ideological opposite to the love story of the preceding century.In the nineteenth century, cultural discourse was dominated by the ideal of the lone, genius artist who would be successful only posthumously (a striking example of this would be many of the great Romantic musical composers). Romantic ideology lauded the isolated artist-genius who was inspired to work purely because of artistic passion, rather than economic concerns. In fact, to be a poor and sharp-set artist conveyed perhaps relatively more artistic credibility. It was believed that the true value of art is transcendent and can be determined by experts, usually accompanied by the idea that the monetary value of art is wild and the market cannot decide (Hesmondhalgh Pratt, 2005, p. 5). Concomitant with this was the Romantic belief that art was for all, and that culture has the power to act as a civilising force upon society as a whole.Neo-conservatism tuned these ideas on their head. The lauded artist of the 1980s through 2000s is economically successful, creating a cultural product or commodity that appeals to, and responds to, the demands of the mass capitalist market. Ideals of the civilising powers of noble culture upon society as a whole have been largely abandoned in practical terms, in favour of economic concerns (despite state assertions to the contrary, the prime goal in recent years appears to be financial rather than social).Limited positive effects of neo-conservative cultural policies and ideologies can be appreciated in some spheres. Caust argues that, in a society which is dominated by capitalist values (Caust, 2007, p.54), an economically successful artist will likely receive greater respect for their work, as well as more money. Furthermore, the market-driven, neo-conservative emphasis on the export ability of cultural product can have the positive effects of creating national pride and highlighting the value of cultural production to the wider human race (ibid, p. 54). MonetarismConclusionsIn recent times arts funding agencies have been restructured to reflect a market-driven agenda rather than an arts-driven agenda. (Caust, 2003, p. 51)Overall in the last thirty years, cultural policy in the UK has looked increasingly to capitalism, the free-market economy, and the so-called cultural and creative industries in terms of cultural policy direction. Models from the world of business and commerce have been applied over several decades to the cultural sector managerialism instrumentalism monetarism economic realism performativity and the overwhelming commodification of all kinds of culture. In implementing these policies, many of the more socially-just aims of prior generations of cultural policy-makers have been neglected or abandoned. In an era of increasing globalisation, succ essive UK governments of the past thirty years have pushed for cultural production, economic viability and profitability, and the creation of exportable cultural commodities for mass cultural consumption.Applying such concepts and organisational structures from private industry to the cultural sector has its drawbacks. Caust states that, when it comes down to dollars, thearts cannot in any way compete with many other components of the broad cultural industry spectrum such as the communications or IT areas. (Caust, 2007, p.55). Overall, the forces of neo-conservatism have not succeeded in making the UK cultural sector an economically productive and independently viable industry. In attempting to fit the arts and culture into a capitalist mould, UK cultural policy of the past thirty years has failed in many arenas cultural, social, economical, and political.BibliographyACGB, records 1928-1997. http//www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/wid/ead/acgb/acgbb.html (capital of the United Kingdom Victori a Albert Museum)Alexander and Rueschemeyer, 2005 _________________________________Alexander, David (1978), A form _or_ system of government for the Arts comely Cut Taxes, (London Selsdon Group, 1978)Amis, Kingsley (1979). An Arts Policy? ( London Centre for Policy Studies, 1979).Barnes, T. (2001) Retheorizing economic geography from the quantitative revolution to the cultural turn. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 91, 546-65.Pusey, Michael (1991). Economic Rationalism in Canberra A Nation make State Changes its Mind. Cambridge University Press. Bennett, O (1995), Cultural Policy in the United Kingdom Collapsing Rationales and the End of a Tradition, European diary of Cultural Policy, Vol. 1, pp. 199-216Bilton, Chris (____). Cultures of Management Cultural Policy, Cultural Management and Creative Organisations _______Caust, Jo (2003). Putting the Art back into Arts Policy Making How Arts Policy has been Captured by the Economists and the Marketers, The Internati onal ledger of Cultural Policy, 2003 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 51-63Cormack, Patrick ed., Right Turn ( London Leo Cooper, 1978)Croft, Andy (1995) Betrayed overflow The Labour political relation and British Literary Culture, in Labours Promised basis? Culture and Society in Labour Britain, 1945-51, ed. Jim Fyrth (London Lawrence Wishart, 1995)Elsom, John (1971), Theatre Outside London ( London Macmillan, 1971)Fisher, Rod (2010) United Kingdom/ 1. Historical perspective cultural policies and instruments, Compendium of Cultural Policies and Trends in Europe, 11th edition, 2010. Council of Europe/ERICarts. Retrieved from http//www.culturalpolicies.net/web/unitedkingdom.phpFyrth, Jim (1995). Labours Promised Land? Culture and Society in Labour Britain, 1945-51, London Lawrence WishartGray, C. (1995), The Commodification of Cultural Policy in Britain, pp. 307-15 in J. Lovenduski and J. Stanyer (eds), Contemporary Political Studies 1995 (Belfast, Political Studies Association)Gray, Clive (2007 ). Instrumental Cultural Policies Causes, Consequences and Museums, Paper to the Arts and Humanities Research Council Instrumental Museum and Gallery Policy Workshop, University of Glasgow, October 2007Gray, Clive. (2000). The Politics of the Arts in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan, UK.Haines, Joe (2003) Glimmers of Twilight. London, Politicos Publishers.Haney (2010). Britpop, Retrieved March 17, 2010 from http//uweb.cas.usf.edu/dslone/pathfinders/haney.htmHarris, John S. (1969), Decision-Makers in Government Programs of Arts Patronage The Arts Council of Great Britain, The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 2 (Jun., 1969), pp. 253-264. Western Political Science Association, University of Utah Hennessy, P. and Seldon, A. (eds.) (1987) Ruling Performance British Government from Attlee to Thatcher. Oxford Basil Blackwell.Hewison, R. (1998), New Cultural Models for Old, International Journal of Cultural Policy, vol. 5(1), 99-107.Hull, Robin (1958). Subsidised Music 1. Th

Software Licensing and Piracy :: Technology Software Copyrights Computers Essays

Software Licensing and Piracy In 1993 worldwide banned copying of home(prenominal) and international software program program cost $12.5 billion to the software industry, with a sack of $2.2 billion in the coupled States alone. Estimates show that over 40 share of U.S. software comp any(prenominal) revenues are generated overseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industrys piracy losses occurred outside of the United States borders. The Software Publishers experience indicated that approximately 35 percent of the business software in the United States was obtained illegally, which 30 percent of the piracy occurs in corporate settings. In a corporate setting or business, every computer must select its own set of original software and the appropriate number of manuals. It is illegal for a corporation or business to purchase a undivided set of original software and then load that software onto more than than one computer, or lend, copy or distribute software f or any reason without the prior written consent of the software manufacturer. Many software managers are concerned with the legal compliance, along with asset management and cost at their organizations. Many firms involve their legal departments and human resources in regards to software distribution and licensing. Information can qualify to be property in two ways patent law and copyright laws which are creations of federal statutes, pursuant to Constitutional grant of legislative authority. In order for the organisation to prosecute the unauthorized copying of computerized information as theft, it must basic rely on other theories of information-as-property. Trade secret laws are created by state law, and most jurisdictions have laws that criminalize the violations of a muckle-secret holders rights in the secret. The definition of a trade secret varies somewhat from state to state, but unremarkably have the same elements. For example, AThe information must be secret, Anot of public experience or of general knowledge in the trade or business, a court will allow a trade secret to be used by someone who discovered or developed the trade secret independently or if the holder does not take comme il faut precautions to protect the secret. In 1964 the United States Copyright Office began to register software as a form of literary expression. The office based its ratiocination on White-Smith Music Co. v. Apollo , where the Supreme Court determined that a cushy roll used in a player piano did not infringe upon copyrighted music because the roll was part of a mechanical

Jacksonian Era Bound By Morality Essay -- Religion

Religion is the substance that produced social religion which bound exclusively elements of society in the Jacksonian Era. Religion produced the moral code all in all in all men adhered to. Church leaders were so vocal in pastoring nationalism and loyalty to ones God and earth. Church members received the message of liberation and promoted the commonalty man to seek social and political equality. The concept of divine morality in the early-19th century held accountable the behavior of all who were at to the lowest degree partially active in their social environment. Religious services bridged the elect(ip) with under-classmen as well as the government with the common man. Quite a great deal divine will was debated on the issues of slavery, social reform, abolishment, and the roles in which men and women were to play. The detail that these issues were debated illuminated the dark-gray areas in which morality first penetrated. Through the veins of morality answer a fairness doctrine that is all too consuming when employ to ones self. No one wanted to be cheated out of their freedom and entre to it. Social morality was the driving force of cooperation and debate during the Jacksonian Era. erstwhile(a) Hickory himself, President Andrew Jackson, knew the importance of having the common man behind him in a democracy even if in reality he was not behind the common man. Jackson, who sought divine intervention, used the loyalties of believers to push with his agenda against the banks. The banks became the evil giant (the Goliath) that sought to destroy this new country along with its citizens. Jackson used his knowledge of religion to gain aid and public opinion as he convinced them that his motives were righteous. In raise L. Watsons book, Liberty and Power, he wrote Jacksons me... ...od and that they were upholders of the law through their moral convictions. some churches were the center of their community in the early-1800s. The church was a place to pose closer relationships with others in the community to include businesses and other social venues. many another(prenominal) public figures had this one thing in common, that is their will of self-perception be delineate in the public view as one with character and racy moral convictions. Religion produced social morality which became the substance that bound all elements of society in the Jacksonian Era.Works CitedEarle, Johnathan H. Jacksonian Antislavery and the Politics of stark Soil 1824-1854. The University of North Carolina Press, 2004.Johnson, Paul E. A Shopkeepers Millennium. New York Hill and Wang, 1978.Larkin, Jack. The Reshaping of free-and-easy Life 1790-1840. New York Harper & Row, 1988.

William Shakespeares Globe Theatre Essay examples -- Biography Biogra

Shakespeares worldly concern Theatre The egg Theater, an entertainment outlet for all people of that time, provided a place for Shakespeares plays to be performed. It was the third and well-nigh famous playhouse in London. When it was built, it was one of the most important playhouses in London. The mans architecture was intriguing for its time and its biography was foresighted and prosperous. The Globe was built by two brothers, Cuthbert and Richard Burbage. They had inherited the Globes predecessor, The Theatre, from their father, James Burbage (Williams 365). Fearing their mesh would run out, the brothers dismantled it and carried the materials to Bankside, where the Swan and Rose already stood (Britanica). It was built use timber from the Theatre following a quarrel with Giles Allen, owner of the charge (Miller-Schutz 21). The Globe provided a third amphitheatre south of the Thames River in London. It was the quaternary or fifth playhouse in London (Wester hof). The architecture of the Globe was original for its time. It was built out of wood, hexagonal outside and circular inside. The Globe was open to the weather except for the upper gallery which was covered with a thatched roof. It was the first theatre in London to introduce protection from the weather. in that respect were doors left and right of entrances and exits. The curtain recessed under the railed balcony (Williams 365). Three galleries occupied the Globe, with a paved pit in the center (White 6). Peasants that sat on the bottom level were called groundlings because of the fact that they had to watch from the ground (Westerhof). The stage was upraised from the ground with a low railing running round its limit (White 6). The Globe opened... ...th many intricate details C. Had levels for different social statuses III. Its life A. Enhanced the idea of playhouses being standard in the community B. displace attention to Shakespeares works C. Admission was cheap, but peasants could only watch on the ground level IV. Its plays and actors A. Plays drew thousands and brought messages to the people B. What the Globe lacked encouraged playwrights to flood out V. Shakespeares influence A. Held a share of the Globe B. Wrote plays exclusively for the Globe C. His net profit were made off his shares of the Globe, not from his scripts VI. The last of the Globe A. Burnt set ashore due to a cannon shot during a play B. Rebuilt rattling quickly C. Closed down in 1642 by Puritans VII. After death A. New Globe is created Other theatres try to mimic its success

State-Sponsored Terrorism: The Relationship between Hizballah and the I

Most of the countries involved in state- shop ated terrorism make blue attempts to disassociate themselves with terrorist giving medications. These countries do this in hopes that the United Nations will not set sanctions. More often than not, these countries continue their support of various terrorist groups. They support the terrorist organization in various ways financially, training, supplies. Iran has remained the most active state sponsor of terrorism to date (State Department, 2013). Iran supports several different terrorist organizations, including Hamas, Palestine Islamic Jihad, fashionable Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command and al-Jihad. Often times, Iran is involved in the supplying and support of different terrorist attacks. Iran has most notably assisted the terrorist organization, al-Jihad, with training, weapons and funding. The Iranian organisation has to a fault allowed Hizballah to use Iran as a safe drawn for any terrorists that might nee d to go underground to hide if they have been involved in terrorist attacks and are currently on a put on list. This piece of music will first define terrorism, as well as state-sponsored terrorism. Second, the paper will give background on the terrorist organization of Hizballah to include wherefore the organization was first created and what attacks the organization is responsible for. Third, the paper will discuss the ideology and goals of Hizballah and how their ideology and goals fit into those of the Iranian g everyplacenment. This paper will also exam the relationship between Hizballah and the Iranian government and how that relationship affects the United States and its interests in the Middle East, mainly Israel. There is not a definition of terrorism that is used universally. Th... ... terrorism. It went over some background on the terrorist organization of Hizballah to include why the organization was first created and what attacks the organization is responsible fo r. It discussed the ideology and goals of Hizballah and how their ideology and goals fit into those of the Iranian government. It examined the relationship between Hizballah and the Iranian government. It also examined how that relationship affects the United States and its interests in the Middle East, mainly Israel.Works Cited democracy Reports on Terrorism 2013 Bureau of Counterterrorism U.S. Department of State 2013 Web.http//www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2013/224826.htmLebanon 2006 Unfinished War MERIA Journal Volume 11, Number 03 (Sep 2007)Snapper, Jessica. The al-Jihad Dossier December 15th, 2009 Web.http//jessicasnapper.com/the-hezbollah-dossier/

Chicago Race Riot of 1919 Essay -- African American

Unit 4 Paper On July 27, 1919, a young black man named Eugene Williams swam past an invisible draw off of segregation at a popular public beach on Lake Michigan, Chicago. He was stoned by several white bystanders, knocked unconscious and drowned, and his final stage set off one of the bloodiest riots in Chicagos level (Shogun 96). The Chicago race riot was not the result of the incident alone. several(prenominal) factors, including the economic, social and political differences among blacks and whites, the post-war atmosphere and the psychology of race transaction in 1919, combined to make Chicago a prime butt for this event. Although the riot was a catalyst for several short-term solutions to the racial tensions, it did fine to improve race relations in the long run. It was many days before the nation truly addressed the underlying conflicts that sparked the riot of 1919. This notification is reflected in many of author James Baldwins essays in which he emp hasizes that positive change can only occur when both races have a go at it the Negro as an equal among men politically, economically and socially. There is some(a) history that explains why the incident on that Chicago beach escalated to the time period where 23 blacks and 15 whites were killed, 500 more were injured and 1,000 blacks were left roofless (96). When the local police were summoned to the scene, they refused to arrest the white man identified as the one who instigated the attack. It was generally acknowledged that the state should look the other focus as long as private violence stayed at a low level (Waskow 265). This police indifference, viewed by most blacks as racial bias, played a major role in enraging the black population. In the wake of the Chica... ...on. 1956. James Baldwin Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. freshly York Library of America, 1998 606-613.Lee, Alfred McClung. washout roister/by Alfred McClung Lee and Norman Daymond Humph rey. New York The Dryden Press, 1943.Lee, Alfred McClung. Race riots arent necessity/by Alfred McClung Lee in cooperation with the American Council on Race Relations. New York Public Affairs Committee, 1945.Mitchell, J. Paul. Race Riots in Black and White. Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall, 1970.Sandburg, Carl. The Chicago Race Riots. New York Harcourt, Brace and World, 1969.Shogan, Robert. The Detroit race riot a study in violence, by Robert Shogan and Tom Craig. Philadelphia Chilton Books, 1964.Waskow, Arthur I. The 1919 race riots microform a study in the connections between conflict and violence/Arthur I Waskow. Madison University of Wisconsin, 1963.

A Teacher with an Expertise in Teaching Essay -- philosophy of educatio

Expertise in instructionWhen asked to name the instructors who have had the greatest positive impact on us, we lead to name those who were warm, energetic, en consequentlyiastic, organized, impartial, and competent in their field. Expert t from each oneers employ every of these traits, and, as the text states, argon experienced and effective and have developed solutions for popular classroom problems (Woolfolk, 2001). I chose to interview my fourth first floor teacher, Mr. Mendez, because he non only demonstrates expertise in teaching, but also has created a pastime and proactive learning environment, which I hope to emulate in my time to come classroom.In order to teach effectively, the teacher must have a strong knowledge base of the material (Woolfolk, 2001). Mr. Mendez feels confident teaching all areas of the curriculum. A teacher who does not feel comfortable in his or her ability presenting a certain aspect of the material would most probable have difficulty relating the material to children. Specializing in a subject is not only important for advanced knowledge base, but for practicality as well. Mr. Mendez observe that having different teachers specializing (and teaching) in different areas of the curriculum saves time in lesson prep students visit another classroom for science, for example. This arrangement also offers him an opportunity to converge with other students. Expert teachers are also instrumental in cause all students to learn (Woolfolk, 2001). When a student lacks motivation to learn or do work, these experts scout out ways to encourage learning. Mr. Mendez holds his fourth grade students accountable for getting their work in and in on time. The students are given choices as to whether to redo homework for a better grade, thus grantin... ... such abilities. Analyzing Mr. Mendezs comments, I have come to the conclusion that expertise in teaching develops after some time and practice, but is mainly a product of patience, and a n sense of children. Expert teachers are aware of how each singular learns, and is attune to every unique learning style. Preparation is key to establishing teacher quality (Woolfolk, 2001). Expertise in teaching is not a final stage state methods and styles must continuously be altered to accommodate for each new influx of students. Thus, expert teachers are flexible. However, teachers can develop their expertise by listening to students, offering feedback, noticing effective individual learning styles, and understanding the ways in which each student is unique and special.Works CitedWoolfolk, Anita. (2001). educational Psychology. (9th ed.). Boston Allyn and Bacon.

Aboriginal People of Canada Essay -- Canada

Aboriginal people represent less(prenominal) than 3% of the total population in BC. Yet, they account for more than 9% of all self-destructions in BC (Chandler). The numbers of self-annihilations amongst aborigine youth argon even more alarming nearly one-fourth of all youth suicides in BC ar committed by aboriginals and more than half of all aboriginal suicides are committed by youth (Chandler). The event that indigenous communities in Canada have the highest rate of suicide of any culturally identifiable group in the world implies that these alarming statistics may non solely be a result of aboriginal communities belonging to a minority cultural group. I will attempt to build a speculative hypothesis behind the significantly high suicide order amongst aboriginal youth in Canada. I will do so by turning to three factors that I think are intimately important amongst the several factors that may be coming together and acting a role in the high vulnerability to suicide amon gst aboriginal youth. I believe this is important because the more accurately we identify causal factors that may be responsible for aboriginal suicide, the more specific suicide prevention programs can be made. This pool of factors must include those that are common to all suicidal behavior, those that are responsible for suicidal behaviour in marginalized communities and those that might be specific to the history and context of aboriginals in Canada. In this commentary I have chosen one factor from each of these three pools of factors one, the interpersonal-psychological theory to explain suicide in oecumenic two, loss of self-identity, which could be a leading cause for aboriginal suicide worldwide and three, the impact of residential schools on the psychological makeup of aboriginals of Ca... ...l these communities by providing material, social and emotional support to them.Works CitedBechtold, D. W. Indian Adolescent self-annihilation Clinical and Developmental Considerat ions. Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health seek Journal of the National Center Monograph 4 (1994) 71-80. Print.Chandler, Michael. Self & Cultural perseveration as a hedge against youth suicide. university of british columbia, 7 february (2012).presentation.Kirmayer, Laurence, et al. felo-de-se Among Aboriginal People in Canada. Ottawa Aboriginal Healing Foundation, (2007).Joiner, T. E. wherefore people die by suicide. Cambridge. MA Harvard University Press (2005).Joiner, Thomas E. et al. primary(prenominal) Predictions of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior Empirical Tests in Two Samples of teenaged Adults. Journal of abnormal psychology 118.3 (2009) 634646.

Real Food for The Hungry Essay -- Food Science

How lots do children who whine about eating their peas and carrots at the dinner skirt hear from their mothers, You should appreciate the food on our table, at that place be esurient kids in Africa. Although parents pulmonary tuberculosis the preceding phrase as a sin mechanism to trick their children into eating their veggies so they too can obliterate the vitamins and nutrients they need to grow, the reality behind the phrase is much deeper than most realize. raft are starving in almost every part of the arena and the solution to that problem has yet to be discovered. A solution that has been considered for rough time now but recently has sparked to a greater extent interest is the use of genetically special foods to feed the starved. Should genetically modified foods be indisputable to be fed to the hungry?As in most arguments, there are two sides to the production on genetically modified foods. On one hand of the argument, scientists are trying to argue that GM food s are natural, grow faster, and yield a larger issue forth of crops during harvest. Whether or non genetically modified foods can provide more food for the hungry than a natural crop could, they come with a list of problems. not only do they cost poor farmers a ridiculous amount of money, but they also have unsafe chemicals that affect their surroundings and, more importantly, the bodies they would be digested in. Therefore, I believe genetically modified foods are a danger to humans.Multi-national companies are pushing the engineering and selling of genetically modified foods consciously for the purpose of gaining profit. Food policy analyst Dennis T. Avery asserts that the development of GE foods is not being driven by farmers, consumers or less-developed countries but by large multinational chemical comp... ... Modified Foods Are Not the surmount Way to Feed the Hungry. Africa. Ed. Laura K. Egendorf. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from Better Dead than GM-Fed? Seedling (Oct. 2002). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Apr. 2012.Smith, Jeffrey M. genetically Modified Food Threatens Human Health. Humanitys Future. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2006. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from geneticalally Engineered Foods May Pose National Health Risk. www.seedsofdeception.com. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 23 Apr. 2012.Union of Concerned Scientists. The Safeness of Genetically Modified Foods Is Unproven. Genetic Engineering. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from Risks of Genetic Engineering. 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 23 Apr. 2012.

Scars Of War :: essays research papers

The ride through the countryside was quite amazing. If you did not know, you would assert you were driving down a derriere road in Pennsylvania. The provided visible difference were signs written in Cyrillic for little shops on the road. As the contours of Sarajevo came into focus, you could not miss the gaping, rubble-filled holes that were erst buildings. I was not lay for the scenes of destruction that I was about to witness. I have hiked the hollow palm of Gettysburgh, read stories of the war in Vietnam, listened to stories from friends and colleagues that had served in Panama and Somalia, and watched the &8220100 minute of arc War on CNN. Who really witnesses the effect and the price a urban center pays years after the bombs stop falling? As you walk around the once beautiful city, five years after the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords terminate the war, the physical, damage cannot be ignored.On April 5, 1992 Sarajevo, the capital of the Republic of Bosnia- Herzego vina, was attacked. The city lies in the valley of the Miljacka River and is surrounded by mountains. The 260 tanks and many other weapons placed on these mountains could destroy the city. On May 2, 1992 Serbs completely blockaded the city. The parts of the city that could not be occupied by the Serbs were exposed to a assault and battery of 2shelling and weapon system fire. Everyday the city was hit by some 4,000 shells. Targets included hospitals, schools, mosques, churches, synagogues, libraries, and museums. As you cross the last crest sexual climax into the city, the first image you see is the Unis Skyscrapers. These two skyscrapers are of equal spinning top and were built to symbolize the brotherhood and unity of Sarajevo. Before the war, citizens called the buildings by the name calling of two famous characters from Sarajevo jokes, Momo and Uzeir. The names are of different national inception to show the multi-ethnic background of the city. The skyscrapers were continual ly hit by artillery fire because of their equal height to break apart the united sense of smell of the city. Both still stand like skeletons above the city. The progress of reconstruct is slow as only the first ten floors have been repaired. Fragments of cover and glass still hang from iron pillars high above the street. The Grabavica Cemetery, which dates back to the 17th century, was used extensively by snipers.

The Aztec Nation Essay -- essays research papers

The Aztec NationA distant sound is heard. It sounds like a hidden drum macrocosm hit with a heavy instrument. You hear it once again and strain your eyes in the direction of the sound. All around you is slurred jungle. Snakes slither between your legs. You hear the sound once again. In front of you is a dense stand of ferns. You part them and look down into a wide open valley. The valley gets so wide and it is so leafy vegetable that it takes your breath a counseling. But that is not what you are looking at. You are perfect(a) at a huge city with glittering buildings shining in the spring sunlight. Smoke rises up from some of the many houses. You can check into and hear children playing in the wide open fields in front of the shining buildings. Lamas and chickens are being bough and sold. You see bags of gold jewelery being bought and sold. beyond the market place you can watch a religious ceremony. You hear the scream of a person being sacrificed to one of the gods. Beyond the city there are roads do of stone and canals copious of pedestrians and canoos. Who are these people and what are they doing here you wonder?The above separate describes what an early explorer in Mexico might have seen between 1400 and 1500 AD. The Aztec democracy is one of the largest and most advanced Indian nations to ever exist on earth. Just about every part of the Aztec life was advance to much(prenominal) a state that at that time of the world the people were brio better than many European nations. The Aztec nation is unique in its history, economy, environment, and way of life then any other nation at that time. munimentPerhaps fifteen to twenty-five thousand years ago, small bands of hunting-gathering peoples made their way across the land bridge that was the frozen Bering Strait, migrated southward finished what is now Alaska, Canada, the United States, commutation America, South America, and Mexico, settling along the way. one(a) such hunting- gathering group s ettled in the Central vale of what is now Mexico (Nicholson 1985). There is a long history of civilizations in the Central Valley of Mexico as early as several centuries before deliverer agricultural tribes had already settled, and by the birth of Christ had established as their great religious center Teotihuacn. The history of the Central Valley later circa the tenth century A.D. is o... ... 1988.Hodge, Mary. and Michael E Smith. Economies and Polities in the Aztec Realm. Austin, Texas University of Texas Press, 1994.Len-Portilla, Miguel. The Aztec Image of self and Society. Ed. J. Jorge Klow de Alva. Salt Lake City University of Utah Press, 1992.Moctezuma, Eduardo Matos. The Great Temple of the Aztecs. Trans. Doris Heyden. New York Thames and Hudson, Ltd., 1988.Nicholson, H.B. Aztec humankind Book Encyclopaedia. 1985 ed.Shepperd, Donna Walsh. The Aztecs. New York F. Watts, 1992. Stuart, Gene S. The Mighty Aztecs. Washington National Geographic, 1981. Weaver, Muriel Porter. The Aztecs, Maya, and Their Predecessors archaeology of Mesoamerica. New York Seminar Press, 1972.Wolf, Leo. The Axtecs A tradition of Religious Human Sacrifice. March 28, 1998. on tap(predicate) http//www2.hmc.edu/sbootn/aztec.htm

Essay --

1.Task print the title or the code of exercises that need to be transactd (e.g. science laboratory Exercise 1)Lab Work 12.Objectives List the objectives of doing the exercise2.1. To project how to use the array list 2.2. Create a generic trend of Array list of 30 hotels 2.3.To complete Hotel ADT class 2.4 To display the bring up of all hotels and their location2.5 Calculate and display the number of room for severally Hotel that input by user3.Algorithm and designWrite the steps to solve the problem and/or the design of the solutionHotel-sName take up-sDistrict String-iNumRoom int+Hotel()+Hotel(String,String,int)+getData(String,String,int) void+getName() String+getDistrict() String+getNumRoom() int+getCalculateTax() double+isLarge() boolean+display() String expose Hotel Flow Chart START Declaration of all variable sName,sInput, sDistrict,iNumRoom,bIsLarge,str instantiate the ArrayLists object ArrayListhotelList = new ArrayList(30) Create Object Hfor(int iNo = 1 iNo lead user to use JoptionPane fancy Hotel Name Enter district of hotel Enter room number The Hotel is large? ( yes / no ) for(int iIndex = 0 iIndex System.out.println(display()) END4. enrol listings and output evidence Program code and ... ....String)4.Method setData in gradation Hotel cannot be applied to given types6.Total time (hours) taken to complete the exercise Write the actual hours you took to do the exercise 5 hours7.Comments of the repose or difficulties or experience in completing the exercise Comments about(predicate) what you have learned from doing the exercisesAfter completin g this exercise, I had already accredit How to create an ArrayList.In my opinion this lab work is quite tough because I need to Search and list 30 real name Hotel in Malaysia.In this Task User must Also need to input 30 time of hotel information its became a problem because when I give in the input more than 10 time.my blue Jay will have a problem .either It close It ego or Nothing appear at the JOptionPane show input duologue box. Cause of this problem I need to rewrite the hotel information to some(prenominal) time.

Free Essay: Deception of Satan in John Milton’s Paradise Lost :: Milton Paradise Lost Essays

Deception of Satan in Paradise Lost The speeches of Moloch, Belial, Mammon, and Beelzebub represent particular ways of smell at life. Milton derived these views from I John 215 and 16 which says, Do not love the world or anything in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the dumbfound is not in him. For everything in the world--the cravings of sinful man, the lust of his eyes and the pomposity of what he has and does--comes not from the Father but from the world. Coming into the world, these demons transferred their philosophies to the human race. That is wherefore these views are still common in todays world, even though the competitiveness of the supernatural is often overlooked. Even at Christian schools, the effect of these philosophies shadower be seen. However, in sinning and in the world they have be a failure - the high ideas of the plans leave behind not work with the abstract realities that both hell and the earth represent. Only Beelzebubs idea seems to work, but that to will be proven false with time. In the Bible, Moloch was the god of the Ammonites who sacrificed their children to him, believing that thusly he would bring them power. They lusted after power and went to extreme, perverted measures to attain it. In Paradise Lost, Moloch also lusts after power. After being cast smooth to hell, he calls for the demons to wage war again on heaven. He believes (probably he has deceived himself) that they can defeat God now because they are strong with rage - the fury that comes from being cast out of glory. They have acquired the new, torturous weapons of hell that would that coupled with their wrath would prove victorious over God. I adept dont think Ill do well ... I dont understand the... As he strutted into the classroom, the 2 kids in conversation groaned. So... he intoned to one pissed guy, Have you studied for the test? Last night, yeah. More hesitantly, How bout you? Oh yeah, piece of cake. A smile stretches acro ss his face. I heard you saying you dont understand, he endow his hand on her shoulder in a sort-of motion of comfort, Youll do fine. Again the smile, and he walked size off to another group of kids. The two kids rolled their eyes.