Migrations CCOT Essay

From 1700 to 1900 the migrations of plenty from Europe and Africa to the US grew and then receded due to the limits the U.S. ramble on immigrants.At the beginning of the period, Europeans stuck to their side of the ocean. However, When the Irish potato famine struck in 1845 however, on that point was a mass exodus of irish people in search of a steady source of food and a rising life. In the beginning on the African side of things, there was a mass movement of africans to the US due to the slave carry on but by the end of the period the slave cover was nix so there was a mass migration of Africans who migrated as destined servants to baffle a better life. During the 18th century, there was much migration in amongst the thirteen colonies, Europe and Africa. In the 18th century, the slave trade was in full swing.People from the colonies and Europe were buying slaves very frequently. There were some(prenominal) slave markets and any child born to a slave to a fault became a slave. Millions of Africans were shipped across the Atlantic Ocean. During this time, although people went from Europe to the colonies, it was only to spike the colonies themselves. During the 19th century, the migration patterns changed. In 1845 the Irish potato famine made 250 atomic number 19 people migrate from their homes. The country had no food and was riddled with disease so the Irish people came to the U.S. to try to start a new life for themselves. In addition to this, people from Europe came to the U.S. as indentured servants to have a better life. In Africa, by 1807 the slave trade had been abolished.

Chinese education: Then and Now Essay

teaching in China began with the Chinese classic texts, rather than organized religion. The earlier Chinese state depended upon literate, educated officials for operation of the empire, and an imperial examination form was established in the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220) for evaluating and selecting officials. This merit-based system gave rise to schools that taught the classics and continued in engage for 2,000 years, until the end the Qing Dynasty, and was abolished in 1911 in favour of Western information methods (Global one Commitment).New approaches to education were encouraged after 1977, after a considerable period of nothing being done with the growth of education and science. It was in 1985, that school reform was implemented. Schooling was for nine years, with academic achievement having precedence over political consciousness. Education comes in two categories general and specific.The power includes the regular college, junior college, vocations secondary school and m iddle school levels, and the latter(prenominal) includes elimination of illiteracy rural practical technology training, on-the-job training, education for single-discipline qualification certificates, education for vocational certificates and postgraduate continued education (Asian Info).

How TV Can Effect Children Positively Essay

IntroductionI decided to see if tv, which is nonorious for having invalidating motions on tykerens education and attitudes, could amaze each overbearing effects. Surprisingly, there is a fair amount of studies that grow been done that have seen corroboratory correlations betwixt TV- cover and academic and social success, though there atomic number 18 even more than sources that point out the veto effects. Through my protest observations of my little siblings and cousins viewing habits, I snarl confident that I could arrest up with an idea as to which side of this debate was correct. In my experience, my relations tend to favor pursueing Disney Channel and PBS. As will be noned later these communication channels tended to get the highest ratings for convinced(p) influence upon children by their p arnts. The p bents surveyed withal claimed that their children watched TV for relatively short amounts in a day. I concluded in my hypothesis that television watching fuel come on to have positive influences on children depending on the channel and programs watched as sound as how some(prenominal) hours it is viewed.Literary ReviewIn order to stake my hypothesis I looked into research that has already been collected on the subject. I plant many sources that claimed that extreme amounts of regular television programming for juvenile children terminate be extremely harmful. thus far, using school resources on the online databases, I was able to find multiple scholarly journals that support my hypothesis. In the prototypical source,One longitudinal study (Anderson, Huston, Schmitt, Linebarger & Wright, 2001) found that adolescents who watched educational programs as preschoolers had a positive effect on their grades, behaviour, creativity, and social behavior during later historic period (Austin). This finding is monumental because it not that shows that academia can be improved through television watching, but that social behaviors can also be positively affected. It is important to note, however, that this study specifically highlights thateducational programs are the TV shows that showed this positive success in young children.These are shows that specifically strive to improve children, rather than the car overlyns and separate less(prenominal) positively prestigious programs that children often chose to watch. These educational programs are, in fact, good for a childs development, but they are not always a childs or even a parents first extract of watching material. That same journal goes on to support this claim round the importance of educational programs while also highlighting that moderate levels of television viewing is important,The utilization of informational televisioncan have a positive impact on student achievement if properly channeled. Moderate levels of meaty and supervised television viewing may be better for children than too much or no viewing at all (Austin). television stays true to t he old proverb that too much of a good thing is always harmful. However, it also is better than nothing which I found intriguing. Television has been proven to have positive effects and, fortunately, that cannot be denied. Many will argue that these proven positive effects are outweighed by the negative effects of aggression, overlook of social interaction, and academic neglect. However according to this,The report by Jonson Et Al. is interesting in that it presents an association between the amount of television viewed at young ages and subsequent high-pressure behavior as adults however, it does not show causation (Kids). it is not as well-favored a problem as it is usually perceived to be, since a lack of causation implies that the television did not necessarily cause the aggressive behavior. Those children could have genetically been aggressive individuals or have become more aggressive due to their environments which, it is important to note, allowed them to watch television longer than the average child. another(prenominal) study counters those who point to television as the source of aggression,Kenny makes a have case thatthe advent of the TV era in the worlds poorest spotscan help make them better places to live, producing more thoughtful, less violent, and better-educated people (Forget Twitter).Television can be a powerful tool, in particular when it is being used to shape young minds. Before it was used to stimulate and influence young children it was used quite powerfully,In 1988, by Jay Winsten, a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health and the director of the schools Center for Health Communication, who conceivedto introduce a new social modelthe designated driverto North America (Rosenzweig). As we know today, designated drivers and the campaign to not drink and drive has become a widespread phenomena. Winsten was able to hold back this idea of not drinking while drunk into TV shows for adults on many channels and in many diffe rent ways, and he found unprecedented success. The lessons that are taught in mainstream adult media are sacrosanct plentiful and prevalent enough to make a difference. Children programs are even more well known for trying to incorporate educational components and teach morality. sesame channel, utilizing these ingrained messages, found similar success in childrens television, too soon research on benni Street found that preschoolers who watched the program extensively developed more positive attitudes toward people of different groups (Wilson). Sesame Street is an educational program that specifically targets young children, and tries to teach them life lessons as well as academics. They are using their influence and power in the television industry to improve the lives and situations of toddlers globally. From episodes that teach tolerance in politically charged Israel and Palestine to education for children who would otherwise receive very little, Sesame Street is one of man y television programs that has a positive effect on children.My ResearchMany of the more educational programs feature on PBS or Sprout where the more entertaining shows feature on Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, and Disney Channel. I used my research to discover how many hours children watch these channel, how educational or influential parents found the varying channels to be, and which channel the child preferred to watch. This research will show how positive the parents felt the effects of certain channels are ontheir children and whether or not they are influencing their children to watch these stations for the nearly amounts of time. I utilized a survey questionnaire to obtain my information because a questionnaire allowed me to ask a wider population in a shorter amount of time. I asked the age of the children in question, how many hours of TV they watched in a day, which kid-aimed station they watched intimately often, and then I asked the parents to rate the influence of th e various channels as having a strong negative influence, moderate negative influence, no noticeable influence, moderate positive influence, and strong positive influence.I had listed the channels to rate as the to the highest degree popular kids stations Disney (including Junior, XD, and Channel), Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, Sprout, and PBS as well as an other category that one parent added the Hub to. PBS, which is known for its educational programming, authorized the virtually strong and moderate positive ratings and did not get rated for any of the other, less positive, ratings. However, only one parent claimed that PBS was the station their child watched and enjoyed most often. The Disney Channel was the most popular station in ground of children watching it, but received as many moderately negative and no effects as it did positive ratings. Cartoon Network, which, unsurprisingly, features a broadly cartoon program, by far did the worst, getting no positive reviews and o nly one no effect rating. As importantly as the pith children are viewing is the amount of time they are viewing it for. exactly one family claimed that their child, a 10-year-old, watched over four hours of TV. This particular family also gave the most negative ratings to all of the stations except Disney, which the child viewed the most, and PBS. All the other families that gave PBS the highest positive ratings and the one family that cited it as their childs most watched, had viewing hours of 30 minutes to 2 hours a day which are relatively healthy amounts of television for children to be viewing. By pairing PBS, the most education-aimed channel, with the smallest amounts of view time, parents were noticing high amounts of positive influence of television on their children in both academics and social skills. This information clearly supports my hypothesis.In conclusion, television has a surprising number of positive effects on children. But these rewards can only be reaped by c ertain programs and onlywith healthy amounts of viewing times. By encouraging healthy viewing habits and healthy viewing choices parents can help improve the lives of their children even if they are in the poorest, most direful situations.Works CitedAustin, William P., and Franklin T. Thompson. Television viewing and academic achievement revisited. Education 124.1 (2003) 194+. argue Viewpoints in Context. Web. 1 June 2014 Forget twitter, think TV. Foreign Policy clxxv (2009) 1. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 1 June 2014. Kids, TV viewing, and aggressive behavior. (Letters). Science 297.5578 (2002) 49+. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 1 June 2014. Rosenzweig, Jane. CAN TV IMPROVE US? The American Prospect (1999) 58.Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 1 June 2014. Wilson, Barbara J. The Future of Children, Princeton Brookings Providing Research and abbreviation to Promote Effective Policies and Programs for Children. The Future of Children -. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June 20 14.

History of Gladiatorial Games Essay

History of gladiatorial games Origins Early literary sources seldom assent on the origins of gladiators and the gladiator games.1 In the late 1st century BC, Nicolaus of capital of Syria believed they were Etruscan.2 A generation later, Livy wrote that they were first held in 310 BC by the Campanians in celebration of their victory over the Samnites.3 Long after the games had ceased, the 7th century AD writer Isidore of Seville derived Latin lanista (manager of gladiators) from the Etruscan word for executioner, and the title of Charon (an official who go with the asleep(predicate) from the roman gladiatorial arena) from Charun, psychopomp of the Etruscan underworld.4 Roman historians emphasized the gladiator games as a foreign import, almost likely Etruscan. This preference informed most standard histories of the Roman games in the early modern era.5Reappraisal of the licence supports a Campanian origin, or at least a borrowing, for the games and gladiators.6 The early cogn ise Roman gladiator schools (ludi) were in Campania.7 Tomb frescoes from Paestum (4th century BC) install polar fighters, with helmets, spears and shields, in a propitiatory funeral blood-rite that anticipates early Roman gladiator games.8 Compared to these images, supporting(a) evidence from Etruscan tomb-paintings is tentative and late. The Paestum frescoes may represent the continuation of a much older tradition, acquired or inherited from Greek colonists of the 8th century BC.9Livy dates the earliest Roman gladiator games to 264 BC, in the early lay outs of capital of Italys firstborn Punic War against Carthage. Decimus Iunius Brutus Scaeva had three gladiator pairs fight to the death in Romes cattle market Forum (Forum Boarium) to honor his dead father, Brutus Pera. This is described as a munus (plural munera), a commemorative duty owed the man of a dead ancestor by his descendants.10 The gladiator type utilise (according to a single, later source), was Thracian.11 but t he development of the munus and its gladiator types was most potently influenced by Samniums support for Hannibal and subsequent punitive expeditions by Rome and her Campanian allies the earliest and most frequently mentioned type was the Samnite.12The war in Samnium, immediately afterwards, was attended with equal danger and an equally glorious conclusion. The enemy, overly their other warlike preparation, had made their battle-line to glitter with new and splendid arms. on that point were two corps the shields of the one were inlaid with gold, of the other with silverThe Romans had already heard of these splendid accoutrements, but their generals had taught them that a soldier should be tearing to look on, not adorned with gold and silver but lay his trust in iron and in courageThe Dictator, as positive by the senate, celebrated a triumph, in which by far the finest show was afforded by the captured armour. So the Romans made use of the splendid armour of their enemies to do honour to their gods while the Campanians, in consequence of their pride and in horror of the Samnites, equipped after this fashion the gladiators who furnished them entertainment at their feasts, and bestowed on them the name Samnites. (Livy 9.40)13Livys account skirts the funereal, sacrificial function of early Roman gladiator combats and underlines the later theatrical ethos of the gladiator show splendidly, exotically armed and armored barbarians, treacherous and degenerate, are dominated by Roman iron and inwrought courage.14 His plain Romans virtuously dedicate the magnificent spoils of war to the Gods. Their Campanian allies stage a dinner entertainment using gladiators who may not be Samnites, but play the Samnite role. Other groups and tribes would join the cast list as Roman territories expanded. Most gladiators were armed and armoured in the manner of the enemies of Rome.15 The munus became a morally instructive form of historic enactment in which the just honourable option for the gladiator was to fight well, or else die well.

A Talk About Oral English Teaching Problems and Solutions Essay

As a result, spoken terminology becomes more and more important. Nowadays, almost everyone knows the importance of reading incline, it is taught as a compulsory subject at elementary school, petty(a) school and university in China. A lot of people consider that wording is the key to learning English, so they prefer to memorize words as many as possible. It is true that one bay windownot communicate effectively or express his ideas in both oral and written forms without a able vocabulary. However, we all know that the effect of learning language is marked by the students communication ability.There is a phenomenon which we called Dumb English in China, which factor a large number of students usher out scarce read and frame instead of speaking. Although vocabulary is an indispensable element in learning irrelevant language, a more important one is how to speak that language out. However, later several years of learning, students spoken English is also poor. They cannot exp ress their thoughts in English in daily life. They be afraid of communicating with natural speakers in English. Whats worse. They even cannot figure out what others say in English.Why did these phenomenons happen? Three reasons are introduced. The first one is that at that place are still many problems existing in spoken English breeding, such as absence of English learning environment, the Grammar-Translation Methods, and teachers paying a good deal attention to vocabulary and grammar. The second one is the subjective reason students are afraid of speaking English. They are scared of being laughed at by others if they say something wrong. There is a saying Practice makes perfect. They are lack of practice, so their spoken English is poor.The third one is the objective reason, for example, the non-English environment, the opposite culture between China and western countries. This paper will only focus on the problems existing in spoken English teaching in High school and sug gests some teaching strategies to deal with these problems to patron improve students spoken English and communicative competence. Theoretical Framework 1 1. 1 The requirements of the advanced English Curriculum Standard The overall pop the question of the New English Curriculum Standard is to develop students overall language ability.Such abilities are grounded in the development of language skills, language knowledge, affects, cultural awareness and learning strategies. Language skills contain listening, speaking, reading and writing. And the requirements of speaking skills in junior high school advocate what students can do in the speaking process as following listed the third level requires students can tell some simple and short stories. The fourth level requires students can use simple words to describe his own or others experiences with the teachers help. And the fifth level requires students can exchange ideas and complete tasks corporately. New English Curriculum Standa rd,2001). It has six designing principles Firstly, it aims for educating all students, and emphasizes quality-oriented education. Secondly, it promotes learner-centeredness, and respects single differences.

Computer Gaming Addiction Essay

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY calculating machine Gaming Addiction is a redbrick problem in maritime high school students nowadays. It is a challenging part to the teachers to let students stay focused in their terrene lessons. It greatly affects the mental health of every student who is involved in this sweet of activity. Computer Gaming Addiction by nature is the unresisting dependance and abusive use of computer for romp purposes and sometimes even up resulting to harmful effects to the part of the user. The person who is involved in this soma of activity kittyt control the urge in playacting computer bets. By creation addicted to computer jeopardizes is like being addicted to medicines, alcohol, or gambling which resulted in academic disappointment.Apparently, computer gaming addiction has spread throughout the homo, including Philippines. Several cases of computer gaming addiction were already recorded in the country and al near of the addicted individuals, dismally , comes in general from the high school category and normally are subjected to academic failure and cutting of classes.Sometimes, gaming addicts even go to as far as spending all their allowance just to satisfy their desire in play computer games.It is a demanding part for the teachers and mostly to the parents of the student who is pursue in this kind of activity because they are doing their best in permit their child walk in the right path, but it is somewhat sad to none, that this addiction is disturbing millions of Filipinos and their families in every feature of their life. The main areas touch include school, family and relationships.Definition of termsComputer -is a programmable machine knowing to automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations piece of ass be c lessened readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem.Gaming -is the practice of play computer games or role compete gam es. The act of playing for put on the line in the hope of winning.Addiction -has been defined as physical and/orPsychological dependence on psychoactive tickers which cross the blood-brain barrier erst ingested, temporarily altering the chemical milieu of the brain. Addiction can similarly be viewed as a continued involvement with a substance or activity despite the negative consequences associated with it.Maritime, relating to the sea, shipping, sailing in ships or living and working at sea.High School is the upper collateral school.Students are someone who studies at a school, college or in a university.Social isolation is the act of withdrawing from corporation in general. in that respect is usually not much interaction with other people, illnesses and phobias are major factors in social isolation. Social closing off can contribute toward many emotional, behavioural and physical disarrays including heightened anxiety, panic attacks, eating disorders, addictions, substan ce abuse, violent behavior and everywhereall disease.Habit -is an action or pattern of behavior that is repeated so often that it gravels typical of somebody, although he or she may be oblivious(predicate) of it.Family, basic social group united through bonds of kinship or marriage, present in all societies. Ideally, the family provides its members with protection, companionship, security, and socialization. The structure of the family and the necessitys that the family fulfills vary from society to society.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURECOMPUTER GAMING ADDICTIONComputer game addiction is a worrying aspect of the modern-day technologically able youth. numerous children spend hours a day on computers, so much so that computers cod become a primary seeded actor of amusement for them, as well as a convenient baby-sitter.Many preadolescent people suffering from shyness also risk congruous addicted to computers. Success with computers provides them with the self-confidence they lack in their personal lives. diffident youngsters who take refuge in the computer may fail to exact and practice important social skills needed later in life.If level is an accurate gauge, computer games exit continue to follow societal trends in the 21st century. One dominant theme in the modern world is the rapid spread of technology, which is having a great impact on childrens toys and computer games. The great strides in computer chip technology over the last several(prenominal) decades have made electronic games and toys more right on and affordable every year.These famous computer games are not lone(prenominal) popular with children but also with millions of teenagers and adults, which greatly increases their reach and overall popularity. make out annual sales of home television set game systemssuch as Nintendo GameCube and Game Boy, Sony PlayStation, and Microsoft Xboxand related software passed $10 billion in the premiere few years of the 21st century in the United States, and the sedulousness continues to expand.At the same time, some child-development experts and parents fear that the long hours spent playing video and computer games can hamper childrens social skills, reprove more imaginative play, andin the case of more explicit games come on violence.The Effects of Computer Games AddictionPutting the Real World deviationComputer games addiction has no physical component or documental diagnosis, but many of the consequences are similar to alcoholism or drug addiction. Some addicts allow parentages, relationships and academic careers to languish or collapse in order to spend more time playing their favorite games. Gamers who become entrenched in excessive daily gaming routines can queue up it difficult to make room for much else in life.Social IsolationComputer games addicts tend to isolate themselves from normal, face-to-face human contact. Some of the most addictive games are found online, where the player competes and cooperate wit h others around the world. These online relationships online can eventually crowd out more intimate, real-life ones.The Financial DrainThe lucid amount of time many addicts spend playing100 hours a week or more, in some casesinevitably provides to decreased job or academic performance. Late nights and days spent obsessing over the game make the addict unable to perform as well as he would be able to otherwise. Some gamers spend real coin on virtual products to make their characters more powerful or distinctive, lessen the money available for necessities.Impact on FamilyAside from academic obligations, children and young people have relatively few responsibilities to shirk by playing games. When an adult with strung-outs becomes addicted to computer games, however, the addiction can shatter a family. Game obsession takes away from time spent with family, which can lead to neglect of children and weakening of marriage bonds.HabitsComputer games addiction describes an ingrained p eg down of habits rather than a true addiction. It can be concomitant with economic crisis or mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder. Therapy, treatment programs and/or medication for the underlying disorder can be helpful. The earlier treatment is sought, the greater the chance it will be successful.ADVANTAGESComputer game playing may have several advantages. Proficiency in video games can develop the self-esteem of the player. It can develop eye-hand coordination, and can have other educational features. More school games can help players to develop other skills, and recent developments have create in aspects of physical exercise although this may have limited court to gamers.The reality of popular culture is that we are more and more dependent on technology. A generation ago, computers were complicated and difficult to use, but modern computers are more user-friendly, and are relatively easy and enjoyable for the legal age of people to use. Video games allow people to have positive experiences of using computers that can provide transferable skills for using computers for a variety of purposes. sort in mind the potential difference positive effects of video game playing, to label the activity an addiction without sufficient evidence and interpretive guidelines intimately what constitutes addiction could deter many children and their parents who could possibly benefit from video games. There is wide variation in video games, and although some appear to have harmful effects, particularly through the promotion of violence and other anti-social behaviors, this is a function of the content of specific games, rather than a characteristic of video games. Video games as a medium have equal potential to develop positive social skills, or to provide benign forms of entertainment although these may not be as easily marketable to kids. head ache to Computer AddictsIts a tough habit to kick. Its not like you can just stop using the computer altogether. You need it for school and to stay in touch with your friends. If youre a gamer, most of your friends may also be gamers, meaning that you would not have anyone to hang out with if you stopped playing completely.One of the primary concerns with violence in video games is that gaming is not passive. In order to play and win, the player has to be the aggressor. Rather than watching violence, as he might do on television, hes committing the violent acts. Most researchers acknowledge that this kind of active participation affects a persons thought patterns, at least in the short term.REFERENCESEncarta DictionariesMicrosoft Student with Encarta Premium 2008 DVDhttp//www.ehow.com/about_5377629_effects-computer-games-addiction.html http//addictions.about.com/od/videogameaddiction/i/is_gaming_addiction_real_2.htm http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addictionhttp//wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_social_isolationhttp//www.thefreedictionary .com/gaminghttp//www.video-game-addiction.org

Our National Duties

Once Martin Luther King said, Injustice anywhere is a bane to justice everywhere. We ar caught in an inescapable network of commonity, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects star directly, affects al unneurotic indirectly. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan says that, In this parvenue era, peoples accomplishs constantly-if a lot unwittingly-affect the lives of others living far away. Globalization offers great opportunities, only when at portray its benefits are very unevenly distributed magic spell its costs are innate(p) by all.He emphasizes six shared values, which are of particular relevance to the rising century degagedom, equity and solidarity, adjustment, non-violence, extol for nature and shared responsibility. The smart(a) existence is becoming smaller, highly integrated and technologically much advanced. It is standardizedly becoming highly fragmented, less slumberful and unsafe for both present(a) and future tense propagations. Spect acular advances in science and technology over the closing curtain five decades make believe revolutionized the entire field. Investments in research and development have resulted in innovations and inventions in both product and factor markets.The benefits of these advancements however, have insofar to reach the poor living in many countries across the world. meagreness is on the increase and we are sitting on billions of human landmines. The world today is passing through an environment full of tensions, violence, declining values, injustice, reduced tolerance and pry for human rights. The gun culture has already taken a dominant position in most of the developing countries, threatening the future of the offspring who deserve a two-eyed violetful and better quality of life. there is a greater need to create a culture of spring chicken Leadership in society through an come onive affaire of juvenility in civic activities. Adult leaders, parliamentarians and form _or_ system of governmentmakers at community, municipality, state, national and international levels should checker that they are responsible for ensuring that the 21st century is characterized as a century of callowness Leadership. The world today is indeed in search of a new culture and a mutual system of values and new behavioral patterns for individuals, groups and nations, because, without them, the major problems of international and internal rest tin can non be solved.The fill-in of the existing culture of violence by a culture of calm can only be achieved in a longer perspective. In a period of transition and accelerated change marked by the expression of intolerance, manifestation of racial and ethnic hatred, violence towards those regarded as others and the exploitation disparities between the rich and the poor. Action strategies mustiness aim at ensuring natural freedom, peace, human rights, and democracy and at promoting harbourable and equitable economic and mi xer development all of which have an essential part to play in construction a culture of peace.What do we expect from the young person with the insertion of the culture of peace? The juvenility with their new ideas, new energy and objective background, can contribute to peace development. They are ready to move in community work. jejuneness should be treated as partners-partnership by younker in all social activities, of governance, community activities-should start in an active manner with the entry of the child into the golden age phase of 15 to 25 years. Youth should genuinelyize that they should not wait for the inheritance of the world they must realize they have already inherited the world while entering into the golden age.Development of callowness as productive citizens and peace workers could be a starting point for developing the peace culture. In the world today, one person in five is between the ages of 15 to 25, which is an accepted UN exposition of the age t hat defines youth. There are altogether more than one billion youth, constituting a influenceidable force. About 85 percent live in developing countries with 60 percent in Asia, or about 800 million youth in the Asian region. Moreover, two thirds of these youth are growing in countries, which have extremely low per capita incomes (PCIs), below the PCI of $700 per annum.The needs and aspirations of young people are still mostly unmet. The youth employment and livelihood problem is particularly acute and growing in the developing countries while the bulk of corporate resources are controlled by highly-developed countries. Moreover, action on youth employment and livelihood remain disadvantageously defined. Poverty breeds an environment, which encourages social deviations like drug-addiction, excessive smoking, alcoholism, and tendencies towards suicide. Most problems among youth in developing countries are nurtured by their perception of an uncertain and unstable future.However, o ne thing is clear among all youth that they want to make something of them, and to sustain the value of family solidarity. Todays youth are often nescient about adult leaders and they may express the desire to participate in society through volunteer work but not in politics. Alienated youth, particularly when they form a large similarity of the population, entrust turn their energy to drugs, crime, violence and even revolution. Unengaged youth represent a wasted economic resource. Youth of today is in search of its identity.They are less inclined towards conflicts and wars unless external forces compel them to do so. International studies clearly indicate that todays youth are concerned about issues relating to family, education and employment. The youth express their need for a sense of independence, competence and participation in the mainstreams of society. They should be perceived as key agents for social change, including peace development, economic development and technolo gical innovation. The riddle is that even as they represent societies greatest hope, they are a group who risk an uncertain and unstable future.How to involve these young men and women in building and designing their future, and the future of coming generations, is the key issue confronting the progress of our societies. The world today stands at a crossroad. However, the path of peace up remains clear for the world if we pursue three goals firstly, a common mental imagery of our future society anchored on peace secondly, the core of shared values that animate our desires and preferences, grounds for peace which is acceptable to all religions, peoples, nations, families and communities, and hirdly, the world power for united venture that brings people-empowered action for the attainment of a peace vision guided by the values we cherish. The peace factor must be used to resolve prime issues such as (i) the persistent poverty of people, especially those in rural areas, (ii) the soci al injustice that continues to prevail in our societies and then often divisive and counter-productive ways of governance. The index to development, therefore, must be human in dimension, content and lifestyle anchored on peace.In the expression of the National Peace Development Policy for Youth, we must deviate from tradition and formulate policy with active participation of the youth. In this case, policy definition and strategy have to be applied flexibly by involving and activation the youth right from the very start. It should not begin with elders and senior policy-makers and leaders, but take grassroots hold with the youth from day one. The youth must be empowered to find their own niche and roles in the trade union of national development, and be the major force for peace development.All steps in the exercise should be taken in consultation with the distinct levels of participating youth from the national down to the state, district, municipal and village levels. Youth constitutes the richest wealth of a domain. They develop quality of personal integrity, personal case and open mindedness. It is enriched further when they develop an open attitude and universal outlook. As youth is a period of passions, emotions, activity and vigor, they should be trained to corporate trust enthusiasm with patience.Youth should develop an open attitude and universal outlook. This is the real empowerment of youth. Empowering or enabling is like a affect similar to give lessonsing and fishing. For preserving peace, youth must play a decisive role. Youth should be receptive to merit of tolerance and nonviolence. Youth should realize the vastness of living together and should be responsible to defend the frontiers of peace and non-violence. This warrants the promotion of a new culture and thus a assorted mindset.Hence, a comprehensive rethinking is required in all walks of life with a sum total commitment to the issues of youth development. Educational experi ences should be provided to youth with an objective to kindle their tolerance level and help them understand the merits of tolerance and respect for severalty. Respecting the others goes much farther than tolerance. Education must promote an aptitude of free inquiry, frank and vigorous discussion and willingness to work in teams.Education should teach the youth not only to tolerate differences but also to respect differences. In spiritual development, the youth can form a new phalanx of peace missionaries building up volunteers and NGO networks at the grassroots, concentrating on values education and spiritual renewal among children, women and the youth to reverse the process of family values in which traditionally, it is the elders who impose on the youth this beat it will be the young helping shape family values through utilize youth peace missionaries.In the area of ethnic development, the youth of different ethnic groups can forge impingings between cultural minorities and broadcast shared values, shared religious values, and shared cultures and traditions handed down from generation to generation. In policy-making development, youth can be trained to form the cadre of youth animators to expose the rural poor to democratic processes and institutions, to consensus building and voting mechanics, to party and government platforms.In socio-economic development, the youth can join internship/training programs with agricultural, manufacturing, and service industries, sharpen their skills to become the forward-looking manpower needful by their countries to help their economies compete favorably against international competition.In political/government development, the youth can engage in internships in the parliamentary institutions, join in political awareness-building, reform political parties and remove the vileness of partisan politics, and at the same time force reforms in the bureaucracy to ensure near governance, accountability, transparency, an d citizenry participation. E-government strategy can effectively certification such programs.In force affairs, the youth can become the countrys elite guards dedicated to patriotism, protection of children, women, oppressed and poor, and through incorporated vigilance and closeness with the people, provide the moral counterpart to the abuses of ambitious generals and military demagogues. Finally, in regional and international development, the youth can become peace ambassadors of their respective countries, promoting exchange programs in education, culture, science and echnology, sports and games, and in tourism promotions, to link all the youth of the region and the world in the pursuit and alimentation of peace and democracy. Youth Leadership activities cannot be confined to schools. They should be exposed to the real socio-political environment. That is missing today. In addition to peace development, these youth forums should, from time to time, include planning and implemen tation of environmental programs, family planning, information technology, health and sanitation, and so forthForum participants should focus on the benefits of peace, non-violence to strengthen tolerance through participation in community affairs, anniversaries in which all can participate thereby fostering a culture of peace and tolerance through a system of community education in put to promote respect and mutual understanding. The new millennium offers the worlds people a unique opportunity to reflect on their common destiny, at a moment when they find themselves interconnected as never before. In this new-fashioned World, groups and individuals interact directly across frontiers more often, without involving the state.This also has its dangers in impairment of crime, narcotics, terrorism, weapons, refugees and migrants all move back and forth faster and in greater numbers than in the past. But new technologies also create opportunities for mutual understanding and common act ion. If we are to get the best out of globalization and modern technologies as well as avoid the worst, we must drive to govern better with emphasis on good governance and alter of civil society, and how to govern better together. People are looking to their leaders to identify and act on the challenges ahead.There is no denying the fact that youth are important asset of any nation, making up 800 million of Asias population. They should be the primary concern of political leaders, religious leaders, policy makers, planners, administrators and others interested in development including peace development. The youth are notional and innovative. They are in a better position to introduce new dimensions contributing to the current socio-political and economic dialogue, particularly in the area of peace development.Hence, the national governments should give priority to the UN declarations of National Peace Policies and Action Programs. Nations are underdeveloped for many reasons, but certainly the major reasons are short-handed leadership, and absence of youth participation. We must now look to the youth. The modern electronic media have an essential role to play in the preparation of youth in a spirit of peace, justice, freedom, mutual respect and understanding, in order to promote human rights, equality of rights between all human beings and all nations, and economic and social progress.Equally, they have an important role to play in making known the views and aspirations of the youth with special focus on good governance, transparency, tolerance and democracy. In the ultimate analysis, my dear fellow participants and youth leaders, I am sure that together we can lay the foundations of our shared future, together we can build bridges of love and tryst and together we can help translate the dreams and visions espoused at hundreds of such conferences before this one.With hope, faith and courage, curtly we shall be able to tell our elders that yes when given th e chance to deliver, we have make and done it in style. At least, we would leave this world as a much better place to live than we had inherited. Times cry for action and action here and now. Mark Twain said this for you, me and all of us Twenty years from now, you will be more disappointed by the things you did not do than by the thing you did do. So, throw off the bowlines. traverse away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover

Oedipus Rex Essay

Oedipus Rex was written during the fifth century. A clipping when capital of Italy was in power and Athens was the center of the world. In this epoch hatful beleived that gods controlled all. Fate and destiny could neer be escaped and as is sh declare in this cope with, no one can change their own destiny. The fact that this play takes place in less than one days time means that homoy desicions are make in a heedless and uninformed fashion. After finding out that his destiny has been fulffiled Oedipus blinds himself out of imposition and the wish that he would never look upon the misery and horror that he himself has unknowingly created.The play is set in Thebes, recently a vast powerfull city, simply has been stuck by sickness and death. Most of the action takes place indoors the coutyard of the Kings palace. This setting represents power and arrogance. The fact that Oedipus does non go to anyone, everyone, including his wife comes to him suggests this arrogance. He stil l fears the destiny foretold to him, but he beleives that he can change that destiny by staying away from his family. Pg. 59 place 360 reads of this fear and belief. As, that I should lie with my own stimulate, breed children from whom all manpower would turn their eyes And that I should be my brings murderer.I heard all this, and fled. And from that day Corinth to me was ony in the stars. Descending in that eviscerate of the sky, as I wandered farther and farther on my way to a land where I should never see the evil sung by the oracle. Most other men in this time would except their fate, but his arrogance will not let him. His beleif that he can fuck fate is ultimatly what is destroying the people of Thebes. Oedipuss family is a complicated tangle of lies made by people who also tried to cheat fate. The family that he beleives is his own in fact is not.The fact that he is even alive to recieve this family is not supposed to be. He left over(p) his adoptive parents never t o return formerly he learned of his destiny thinking that he could prevent this from comming dependable. He denied to himself the knowledge that these were not his real parents. This is told on Pg. 59 line 345 At a feast, a drunken man maundering in his cups cries out that I am not my fathers son. I contained myself that night, thought I felt anger and a sinking heart. This tells me that in his heart he knew that it was a true statement but could not admit it to himself. His true father was Liaos, King of Thebes.Liaos had been told of his fate by the oracle that he would be killed by his own son. So like father like son, Liaos also tried to cheat fate as told by Iokoste on Pg. 59 line 260 But his child had not been three days in this world before the King had pierced the mollycoddles ankles and left him to die on a lonely mountainside. Oedipus celebrated the death of his father and therefore his succesfull escape from the prophesies of the oracle. But as he was told this news h e was also told again that he was not his fathers son. The courier on Pg 62 line 137 states Polybos is not your.father. This conversation continues on to tell the tale of how he was found as a child by a shepard with his ankles bound by a skewer. Polybos who had no children took in this baby as his own. This is when Oedipus finally starts to reallize that he was Liaoss son but he will not accept it until he confirms this with the shepard who had found him. Iokaste, his wife apparently realizes that his destiny has become fullfilled and that she is not only his wife but his mother as well. She is angry and wishes that Oedipus will not know the truth of his parentage. She states on PG. 62 line 217. You are fatally wrong May you never learn who you are But as oedipus speaks with the shepherd he learns again of his horrible fate. on Pg 64 beginning at line one hundred ten Oedipus finally admits to himself after being told numerous times that he has already unknowingly fufilled his own destiny. Shepherd For if you are what this man says you are, no man living is more wretched and oedipus. Oedipus Ah God It is true All the prophecies Now, O light , may I look on you for the last time I, Oedipus, Oedipus, damned in his birth, in his marriage, damned, damned in the blood he shed with his own hand

If Othello had been set in a modern era, how would it differ Essay

The play Othello is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare in around 1603. The story has four central component parts Othello, Desdemona, Iago and Cassio. Othello or the berth is a black general, admired for his superb strikeership skills. He falls in manage with Desdemona, and against Brabantios will they run out before embarking on a campaign against the Turks. However, in Cyprus, a storm destroys the Turkish go through and the real battle frees out to be the one of Iago against Othello. Iagos crime for Othello is mainly caused by his anger at missing out on a promotion added to his racism. This leads to his revenge on the protagonist. In this assessment, I am going to analyse how the play would curb differed if it had been set in a fresh era.The play subjects with a heated discussion amid Iago and Roderigo. Iago complains or so Othellos decision to promote Cassio as lieutenant. He confesses that he save remains in service of the general in order to practise in h is evil plan I follow him to serve my turn upon him act 1 sc 1 l. 42. Othello is described as the bind. This epithet often substitutes his actual name Othello. Moreover, Roderigo describes Othellos with terms such as thick lips, old black ram and devil displace 1.sc 1. An Elizabethan interview would non have frowned upon the use of these terms, not conclusion them disturbing, offensive as it would be in our politically correct, multicultural and spry society where distances between cultures and races have been signifi give the axetly reduced. It also important to horizontal surface out that in that respect were few blacks in capital of the United Kingdom during that period at that place is evidence to prove this as the rise of black settlements in London occurred only during the 17th- 18th Century. Christianity further exacerbated these racial ideas as it linked the likeness white to goodness and the colour black to the devil and sin. Shakespeare shows that he was open an d a brave writer who was willing to stand apart from his society, choosing to receive a black individual his protagonist. This choice makes him the tragic hero who the interview is encouraged to sympathize with.The second difference that rises between an Elizabethan Othello and a hypothetical modern Othello is the power men have over women. This empennage be seen immediately in Act 1 Scene 3 with regards to Brabantio and Desdemona. Othellos true love for Desdemona is not accepted by Desdemonas father, who accuses him of having used witchcraft to control Desdemonas feelings.She is abused, stoln from me, and corruptedBy spells For nature so preposterously to err,Being not deficient, blind, or stultify of senseSans witchcraft could not Act 1 Scene 3 lines 59 -64Not only does Brabantio believes that Desdemona belongs to him as if she was of his property, her elopement disturbs him even more penetrating that Othello is black. Brabantio notifynot fathom how the beautiful and gentle D esdemona is attracted to the black Othello. The only way he can justify this relationship is by accusing Othello of having practiced spells against her. These accusations can be seen as typical of that time- average Londoners, such as those who be and enjoyed Shakespeares plays, had very little knowledge about science and relied on popular wisdom and religious doctrines to support their beliefs. A modern audience with a more global outlook would not hold or be loath to admit to- even though racism has not been eradicated. In modern times the power Brabantio has over choosing his daughters husband would also not be accepted. Today in most western countries, it is considered a right for women to choose their own partner. The fact that Desdemona and Othello elope and show a romantic and poetic union DesdemonaThat I did love the Moor to live with him,My downright violence and storm of fortunesMay cornet to the world my hearts subduedEven to the very eccentric of my lordI saw Othell os visage in his mind,And to his respect and his valiant partsDid I my soul and fortunes consecrate. act1 sc3 line 245demonstrates Shakespeares modern thinking and the independency from accepted views and beliefs of the time.The third important factor that would place from an Elizabethan Othello from a modern Othello regards the character of Emilia. Emilia is Iagos wife and Desdemonas close friend. Iago uses this friendship to get access to Dedemona, in particular, intercommunicate her to steal Desdemonas handkerchief (a gift from Othello to Desdemona). Emilia does this to please his fantasise even though she admits What he will do with it,/ Heaven knows, / not I Act 3 scene 3 line 290. and the consequences of her actions lead to tragic developments, which have vital importance in the play.From this quote we can see Iagos hold over Emilia and how she honours her tariff as a wife- any(prenominal)thing that would puzzle us even though there are also women nowadays who are at the mercy of their husbands and do not leave destructive relationships. However, as the play unfolds, particularly in the last two acts we increasingly note that Emilia is an ambiguous character she is Iagos victim but also has a strong judgment about men and women that is now reflected in modern society. Emilia provided I do think it is their husbands faultsIf wives do fall say that they slack up their duties,And pour our treasures into foreign laps,Or else break out in plaguy jealousies,Throwing restraint upon us or say they strike us,Or work our former having in despiteWhy, we have galls, and though we have some grace,Yet have we some revenge. Act 4 sc 3 line 16This would probably be a feeling dual-lane by Elizabethans but in reverse- they would identify Emilia as a faithful wife initially but would probably be multiform and maybe even shocked by her words to Desdemona and equality between men and women when it comes to desire.In conclusion, we can say that elements of the plot would have undergone mark changes if Othello had been written in modern, politically correct times. Brabantio wouldnt be do such a drama out of the fact that his daughter has unite a black man Emilia wouldnt be steal at the command of her husband and racist terms would not have been used by noblemen and colleagues. If the play had been set in modern times, it wouldnt be the same play and perhaps it wouldnt be as exciting and powerful either. Despite the fact that the play was written hundreds of years ago and we think that things have changed, racism and sexism havent stop and Shakespeares play makes us think.

Miner Resume Essay

Objective To gain enjoyment and put to work along side industry professionals, to further my experience and cognition within the mining industry. I am a willing outlook who has the major power to adapt and respond to new challenges, in a expert and professional manner. Employment Coal tap worker Mastermyne April 2013 Current quickness of underground secondary support at Moranbah North Coal Mine. routine duties includeInstallation of roof and rib support, mega bolts and high tension flexi bolts in accordance with mine managers support plans. thermionic tube roadworks, installation of VCDs, underground wet storage dams and longwall face bolt up. Trained and authorized in the implement of QDS bolting rigs, Airtrack bolting rigs, handheld bolting equipment and underground loaders (eimco ED7 ED10, Juggernaut). Daily practices in housekeeping, creating a undecomposed and robust work environment and risk assessing each task.Coal Mine role player Minestar Alliance January 201 3 April 2013 Installation of underground conveyor systems at Carborough Downs Coal Mine. initiation drive heads, sacrificial bases, transfer place and all associated work Underground Civils and roadworks Coal Mine Worker Vulcan MiningNovember 2012- January 2013 Longwall take withdraw and install at Carborough Downs Coal MineTrained and authorized in the operation FBL 10, FBL 15, 50t torpedo Chariot, RapidFace Bolters Transportation of non-buoyant equipment for installation underground Daily tasks included, pulling of chocks from longwall face, build of cob timbers, bolt up of huesker mesh, transportation of chocks out in and into hell using wheel assisted chock trailer, roadworks, assisting fitters and general housekeeping duties WDSApril 2012 November 2012 phylogenesis projects and operations at North Goonyella Coal e. g. Operating iner mount bolters in sequence with the production of coal with an ABM20, Roadworks and set up for my crews evolution panel, working closely with other aggroup members to maintain a safe and positive outcome Trained and authorised for operation of Driftrunner, loaders Eimco LS130 ED7 ED10, Juggernaut, HfX miner mounted bolters, Stone dusters, Bolting rigs, Cable Reelers and other plants and attachments Follow instructions from supervisors and other police squad members in a safe and efficient manner to Complete tasks at hand Completion and instinct of CHALLENGES, JSA and Zero Harm Training commenced on other planetary plants e. . Shuttle car Coal Mine Worker Diversified Mining ServiceJuly 2011 April 2012 Installation of underground conveyor belts at Broadmeadow Mine Underground civil work and preparation of work areas including concreting of intersections, take off roads, loop take up sites Follow instructions from supervisors and other squad members in a safe and efficient manner Completion and understanding of TAKE 5, JSA and Zero Harm Operation of mobile plants and installation of heavy mechanical systems e. g. oop take up, belt maintenance stations, belt drives and transfer stations Junior Sous Chef Baguette Bar Bistro BrisbaneAugust 2009 July 2011 Running of sections within a team of chefs Complete formation of menus, costings and maintain good sustainment on profit and loss Delegate other employees of the lower brigade in daily tasks to achieve results Follow workplace health and asylum guidelines to ensure a safe working environment Personal Attributes office to work under pressure and for long periods of timeFast attainment at all tasks and objectives Professional and safety first attitude to work ethics Hard working and reliable Highly self motivated, with the ability to work as an individual or as a team member Training and Authorisations Vale Carborough Downs Inducted, NGC inducted, Broadmeadows inducted Current Cold board health check and Underground Generics Working at heights certified Underground mobile plants e. g. Driftrunner, Loaders, HFX Miner Mounted bolting rigs, Var ious Hydraulic QDS attachment

Brontie’ Swanston Essay

Some seasons advance(prenominal) noise for struggling call forers is ideal. Most nurture problems can be prevented if disciples be in positive school and schoolroom contexts that accommodate individual differences (Madden, 1991). However, even in the most positive environments, round students still experience difficulties. For these students, early intervention strategies must(prenominal) be apply as soon as learning problems ar noted.Early intervention means that supplementary instructional services are go awayd early in students schooling, and that they are intense enough to bring at-risk students quickly to a level at which they can profit from proud-quality schoolroom instruction (Madden & Wasik, 1991). The intent of early intervention is to create familiar education support systems for struggling learners as a way to improve academic performance and to reduce unbefitting special education referrals (Madden, 1991).Examples of early intervention include clinical t eaching, partner and expert consultation, teacher assistance teams, and alter inhering programs such as those that shot tutorial or remedial instruction in the context of general education. A critical concept for ELL students is comprehensible input. This concept expresses that in magnitude to acquire a siemens quarrel the learner must check what is said to him. Learners should receive input that is appropriate to their age and linguistic process level.This speech communication should be just beyond the learners current cash advance but easy enough for them to understand. teachers need to develop background knowledge, press home content that is contextualized, and use gestures, indicates and real objects to make input comprehensible (Saunders, &Goldberg, 1991). When brand-new-fangled get alongrs are assigned to a mainstream classroom and spend most of their day in this environment it is especially critical for them to receive comprehensible input from their teachers a nd classmates (Saunders, &Goldberg, 1991).In other lyric poem, if the teacher prefers lectures, it leaves the side of meat lyric poem learner will not be receiving this input. All teachers are aware of the need to explicitly contact lens past learning and new concepts but slightly teachers fail to enumerate students backgrounds and experiences when planning lessons (Saunders, &Goldberg, 1991). One way to avoid making unwarranted assumptions well-nigh our students past learning, background or experiences is to create a common classroom experience as the basis for instruction (Saunders, &Goldberg, 1991).Another strategy is to attention students make conscious links between their experiences and the text as exposit in the sample lesson below. Two good concepts to implement would be belles-lettres logs and instructional conversations. Before and after reading, students respond to prompts that help them link their experiences to those of the main character or main theme (Saunder s, &Goldberg, 1991). The instructional conversations that follow these prompts provide oral language practice for Ells, and help deepen students conceptual frameworks for science (Saunders, &Goldberg, 1991).Researchers found that using either the literary works log or the instructional conversation increased comprehension for Ells but using two produced deeper understanding (Saunders, &Goldberg, 1991). Teachers should apply the following steps to be successful in previous two concepts Step 1 Create pre-reading and post- reading questions or prompts Pre-reading question or prompt a generic probe or so students experiences that might be similar to those of the main character/s. Step 2 Briefly review the grade again building on student responses in a think-aloud format.Review the procedure for tracking story events and noting when these events are similar to or different from experiences discussed by the class. Examples two-column notes, post its, adapted story sequence chart Stud ents read or listen to the text pairs, junior-grade groups, tape, and buddy reading Step 3 Present the piece literature log question or prompt vex a response. abide time for students to write about or discuss the prompt. Facilitate the second instructional conversation in which students discuss similarities and differences between and among their experiences and those of the characters.Variations use picture books with limited text for non-readers or beginning Ells of any age. digest students to respond in their first language. Older or more serious students can respond to prompts that focus on the setting instead of, or in addition to, events, characters and theme or compare experiences a go bad texts. (Saunders, &Goldberg, 1991) It is as well vitally important to emphasize account phrase. Lack adequate vocabulary is one barrier to reading for Ells. Research on vocabulary acquirement indicates that a successful vocabulary development program should have a least the followi ng five components1) Intentional word selection (words that deliver new concepts, are important outside of the specific activity, or cross content areas) 2) Direct instruction in word meaning and in strategies used to learn new words 3) Modeling of strategies and processes for learning new words 4) Multiple exposures to new words and opportunities to use new words (wide reading, intentional word-focused activities, and ongoing review) 5) A system to help students track new vocabulary (Beck, McKeon, 2002) Here is a five-step vocabulary activity to implement with your ELL students1) Teacher provides a definition (tell, read, demonstrate) 2) Teacher creates a non-linguistic model of the word patch engaging in a think aloud that helps students identify key components of the visual and their relationship to the new word 3) Students write or scan their own definition of the word 4) Students create their own linguistic representation of the word 5) Return to visual to add or revise ele ments as students deepen their understanding of the concept Adapted from Marzano, Pickering, 2001It is important that the teacher destinys a knowledge base relative to the education of students learning English (Thomas, & Collier, 1997). efficacious teachers should be familiar with second language acquisition, the relationship of native language proficiency to the development of English, socio-cultural invites on learning, effective first and second language instruction, informal assessment strategies that can be used to monitor progress (particularly in language and literacy development), and effective strategies for working with culturally and linguistically respective(a) families and communities (Thomas, & Collier, 1997).It is also imperative that there is recognition of the students native language. Language programs must have support of principals, teachers, parents, and the community (Thomas & Collier, 1997). School staff should understand that native language instruction provides the foundation for achieving high levels of English proficiency (Cummins, 1994). For fixing education teachers and ESL/bilingual teachers, when it comes to language development, there should be a share responsibility. There also must be collaborative school-community relationships.Parents of students learning English must be viewed as capable advocates for their children and as valuable resources in school improvement efforts (Cummins, 1994). By being involve with families and communities of English learners, educators come to understand the social, linguistic, and cultural contexts in which the children are being raised (Ortiz, 1997). Thus, educators learn to respect cultural differences in child-rearing practices and in how parents choose to be involved in their childrens education (Garcia & Dominguez, 1997).It is vital to implement academically risque programs for ELL students. Students learning English must have opportunities to learn advanced learnings in comprehen sion, reasoning, and composition and have access to curricula and instruction that integrate basic skill development with higher order thinking and problem solving (Ortiz, & Wilkinson, 1991). Students must have access to high-quality instruction designed to help them meet high expectations (Cummins, 1994). Teachers should employ strategies known to be effective with English learners, such as 1) Drawing on their prior knowledge2) Providing opportunities to review previously acquire concepts and teaching them to employ those concepts 3) Organizing themes or strands that connect the curriculum across capable areas 4) Providing individual guidance, assistance, and support to fill gaps in background knowledge Although it is unvarnished that students fail in school for a variety of reasons, in some cases, their academic difficulties can be directly attributed to deficiencies in the teaching a learning environment. These difficulties may become more serious over time if instruction is n ot modified to address the students specific needs.Unless these students specific needs. Unless the deficit in learning is caught early and the appropriate intervention is accessed, they will outride to struggle, and the gap between their achievement and that of their peers will widen over time.ReferencesCummins (1994). Knowledge, power, and individualism in teaching English as a second language. Educating second language children The whole child, the whole curriculum, the whole community Cambridge, England Cambridge University Press. Garcia, S. B. , &Dominguez, L. (1997).Cultural contexts that influence learning and academic performance. In Silver, L. B. , Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic Of due north America Academic Difficulties. Philadelphia Saunders Co. Madden, N. A. , Slavin, R. E. , & Wasik, B. A. (1991). Success for all, Phi Delta Kappan. Thomas, W, P. , &Collier, V. (1997). School effectiveness for language language miniority students (Resource Collection Series No. 9). Washington National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education. Beck, I. , McKeon, M. &Kucan, L. (2002) pitch Words to Life Robust Vocabulary Instruction.Guilford Press. Ortiz, A. A. &Wilkinson, C. Y. (1991). Assessment and intervention model for the bilingual exceptional student. Teacher Education and Special Education, 14 Saunders, W. and Goldenberg, C. (1999) The effect of Instructional Conversations and Literature Logs on the Story Comprehension and Thematic disposition of English Proficient and Limited English Proficient Students. http//www. cal. org/crede/pubs/research/RR6. pdf Marzano, R. , Pickering, D. J. , & Pollock, J. E. (2001) classroom Instruction that Works. Alexandria, VA MCREL, ASCD.

Sgbrsgsr

While elaborating the ideas provided in the chapter, the students may need to be familiarizes with a few fundamental concepts such as Gross municipal ingathering, Employment etc. Since the students may find this difficult to understand, it is necessary to beg off to them through examples. Several activities and exercises are suggested in the chapter to armed service the students understand how a persons activity could be shopping centred -? whether in the primary winding, secondary or third, organise or unrealized, and public or private sector.You may encourage the students to emit to various working people around them (such as hop owners, effortless workers, ve turnable vendors, workshop mechanics, domestic workers etc. ) to know more more or less how they live and work. Based on such information, the students can be encourage to develop their own potpourri of economic activities. An another(prenominal)(a) definitive give up to be highlighted is about the problems caused by the changes in the roles of sectors. The chapter has taken the example of unemployment and what the administration can do to solve it.The declining importance 18 of tillage and suppuration importance of industry and services should be related to the experience of the children by taking ore examples that they may observe in their day-to-day life. schooling derived from the media could be used for this purpose. You may encourage the students to bring important cuttings and stories from newspapers, which could be prominently displayed in storyboards, and encourage the class to discuss these issues. While discussing the unrealized sector, the learn issue of protecting the workers engaged in the sector should be highlighted.You may excessively encourage the students to visit persons and enterprises in the unrealized sector and get a first hand experience from real life situation. Sources for Information The GAP data used in this chapter pertaining to Gross Domestic Produ ct at Factor Cost by Industry of Origin at 1993-94 prices is taken from Economic Survey. It is a valuable source of GAP and other information relating to the Indian economy. For evaluation purposes, particularly to develop the analytical major power of learners, teachers can refer to Economic Survey to get data for polar years.You will find that people are engaged in various economic activities. Some of these are activities producing goods. Some others are producing services. These activities are possibility around us every minute even as we speak. How do we understand these activities? One way of doing this is to group them (classify them) using some important criterion. These groups are also called sectors. There could be several ways of classification depending on the purpose and what one thinks is an important criterion. At different We experience by looking ties. Mind of economic active Primary (Agriculture) heavens get under ones skins infixed goods Secondary (Industria l) manufactured 20 There are many another(prenominal) activities that are undertaken by directly using natural resources. Take, for example, the cultivation of cotton. It takes place within a crop season. For the growth of the cotton plant, we depend mainly, notwithstanding not entirely, n natural factors like rainfall, sunshine and climate. The crossing of this activity, cotton, is a natural product. Similarly, in the case of an activity like dairy, we are reliant on the biological process of the animals and availability Tertiary (Service) of fodder etc.The product here, milk, also is a natural product. Similarly, minerals and ores are also natural products. When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector. why primary? This is because it forms the base for all other products that we subsequently move in. Since most of the natural helps develop products we get are from there sectors agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sect or is also called agriculture and related sector. The secondary sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity.It is the next step afterward primary. The product is not produced by nature but has to be do and therefore some process of manufacturing is essential. This could be in a factory, a workshop or at home. For example, using cotton fiber from the plant, we lurch yarn and weave cloth. Using sugarcane as a bare material, we make sugar or guru. We convert earth into bricks and use bricks to make houses and buildings. Since this sector gradually became associated with the different kinds of industries that came up, it is also called as industrial sector.After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under tertiary sector and is different from the above two. These are activities that help in the study of the primary and secondary sectors. T hese activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a confirm for the proceeds process. For example, goods that are produced in the primary or secondary sector would need to be transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail shops.At times, it may be necessary to store these in godsons. We also may need to talk to others over telephone or send letters (communication) or borrow money from banks (banking) to help production and trade. Transport, storage, communication, banking, trade are some examples of tertiary activities. Since these activities generate services instead than goods, the tertiary sector is also called the service sector. Service sector also includes some essential services that may not directly help in the production of goods.

Extended Kalman Filter Model for Gps and Indoor Positioning System

Extended Kalman Filter Model for GPS and interior military position establishment Long Kam-Kim Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering HCM City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Tuan Do-Hong Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering HCM City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Abstract Object view is an old subject. Its cosmos utilize more and more in many argonas, especially in military, traffic, social security and civil services.The most popular stance remains in the world is Global Positioning body of rules (GPS). However, GPS has limited point of verity for low priority exploiters. This paper proposes a solution for result these limitations by using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). More all over, GPS is almost invalid in indoor(a)(prenominal) environments. The paper also set offs an indoor set system manakin based on GP S ideology and EKF algorithmic programic program. Because of the similarity in ideology, its easier for handoff operation in the midst of out-of-door and indoor environments and brings back the spatial persisting in emplacement.The simulation results show that with the EKF, the the true of positioning is improved signifi backtly in both outdoor and indoor environments. Keywords- GPS, Kalman filter, RFID, RSSI, EKF, indoor positioning. I. INTRODUCTION II. EKF MODEL FOR GPS Generally, Kalman algorithm is a group of mathematical pars described an efficient recurrence method for nation estimation of process that it is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the estimated wrongdoing co magnetic declination, when some presumed conditions ar met 2. EKF is an extension of Kalman filter for non-linear systems.A. Global Positioning form (GPS) In enact to positioning, it requested that users receiving systems get signals from at least 4 GPS airs. Distances between user and satellit es be unflinching by using pseudorange code. At the akin time, satellites and receiver transmit a same pseudorange code. Because of genesis delay, signal received from satellites w atomic number 18 phases delay than signal of receiver. By compared their phase, the surmounts can calculate. This method is called Time of Arrival (TOA). 1 B. Problem ExpressionPositioning based on GPS is affected by many stochasticity sources, such as propagated wrongful conducts, satellite and receiver ca apply errors, separate errors from Selective Availability, dilution of precision, interference etcetera1. Several techniques are used to improve the accuracy of positioning in GPS, for example, DGPS (Differential GPS), Smart Antenna, Kalman Filter etc. This paper focuses on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) solution, in order to introduce one way to model GPS system and sources of error. Nowadays, positioning applications in indoor environment are being extended.Especially, it becomes necessary in tunnels, supper huge plants, rattling high buildings, etc. The paper introduces a kind of Indoor Positioning System based on GPSs ideology and using EKF algorithm to help this system improve the accuracy of positioning. Assume that GPS system is track a mobile object. It is a uni convention look sharp effort in 3D space with attendance of random acceleration events. GPS receiver puts on object updates its position continuously. However, the location is affected by measurement noises and propagation noises.T presentfore, the calculating position and the real position are different. In order to improve the accuracy of position, we use EKF to model system and noises so that it diminishes the picture of noises. C. manakin of system Defining the sate vector of system as follow ? RX ( n ) ? ? RY ( n ) ? ? ? ? RZ ( n ) ? X (n) = ? ? ? VX ( n ) ? ?VY ( n ) ? ? ? ?VZ ( n ) ? where RX(n),RY(n),RZ(n) are coordinates of user at nth sample, VX(n), VY(n), VZ(n)) are x, y, z components of u sers velocity at nth sample.Following 3, the device characteristic equations for system can be extended as RX(n+1) = RX(n) + VX(n)T + ax(n)T 2 RY(n+1) = RY(n) + VY(n)T + ay(n)T 2 RZ(n+1) = RZ(n) + VZ(n)T + az(n)T 2 VX(n+1) = VX(n) + ax(n)T VY(n+1) = VY(n) + ay(n)T VZ(n+1) = VZ(n) + az(n)T (1) (2) (3) (4) where VX(n), VY(n), VZ(n)) are x, y, z components of users velocity at nth sample, bf = ? bu/? t, dPRi is called delta-pseudorange correlated with user and ith satellite. 4 In order to reducing effect of errors, the EKF is used to model aver noise vectors and measurement noise vectors. afterward characteristic matrixes are calculated, EKF iteration loops are started. The EKF algorithm depart calculate estimation of the state vector by minimizing the estimated error covariance (between estimated values and real values). D. Simulation results for outdoor-EKF GPS data for simulation on Matlab7. 8. 0(R2009a) substance abusers initial velocity (3,6,2) verses/ flash sample rate 1000 samples/second Iteration steps five hundred serve up noise vector W = 5* NORMRND (0, 500, 3, 1) Process noise variance Q = 50* warmheartedness (3) Measurement noise vector V = 5 * NORMRND (0, 500, 2, 1) Measurement noise variance R = 50 * eye (2) (5) (6) here ax(n), ay(n), az(n) represent acceleration events at nth sample ( it is referred to state noises or process noises). According to 4, Users positions are determined base on distances between user and four satellites. PRi= +bu, i=1,2,3,4 (7) Fig. 1 shows the simulation results for Lagrange iteration and EKF iteration compared with the reliable position values. In geographic coordinates, PRi is the distance between the user and the ith satellite, (SXi,SYi,SZi) are coordinates of ith satellite, (RX,RY,RZ) are coordinates of the user bu=c. t with t is receiver clock offset compared to GPS time and c is the speed of light.PRis are determined by GPSs receiver. Coordinates of satellites are obtained by decryption satellite report, while (RX, RY, RZ) and bu are unknowns. With system of equations (7) above, the root RX,RY,RZ,bu, can be calculated by using Lagrange iteration 4. However, measurement values PRi are affected by noises (measurement noises). Therefore the root of system of equations is not accuracy. After differentiating equations (7), we obtain dPRi = (RX ? SXi)? RX + (RY ? SYi)? RY + (RZ ? SZi)? RZ (RX ? SXi)2 + (RY ? SYi)2 + (RZ ? SZi)2 + ? bu = (RX ? SXi). VRX +(RY ? SYi). VRY +(RZ ?SZi). VRZ +bf PRi ? bu Figure 1. Simulate tracking Users flying in outdoor environment (8) In Fig. 1, red carouse simulates users motion,Green curve simulates calculated trajectory of user receiver without EKF, well-fixed curve simulates calculated trajectory of user receiver in EKF model. found on GPSs ideology, this paper introduces an indoor positioning model using EKF, called Indoor-EKF GPS. Indoor-EKF GPS is hoped that it makes over easier with GPS, in such a way, we just use a handle equipment to ke ep the continuous positioning while travel between indooroutdoor environments.In Fig. 3, an arranged system of equipments in space can be recognized as pseudo-satellites. Indoor spaces are complicated environments for wave propagation. Distances between user and pseudo-satellites cannot be determined using TOA technique like in outdoor GPS. Here, TOA technique is replaced by RSS (Received Signal Strength) technique. This technique measures the path loss and calculates the distance between source and receiver. Figure 2. Errors in outdoor positioning. Red points positioning errors without EKF. Green points positioning errors in EKF model.Comments on simulation results The maximum error is about 5 meters in eccentric person using EKF model, whereas 25 meters in case without EKF. Trajectory of user receiver in EKF model is at hand(predicate) to trajectory of users motion than trajectory of user receiver without EKF. The average estimation error of EKF is very beautiful than withou t EKF case. However, several points in curve are under suddenly ever-changing errors. Figure 3. Indoor positioning system. According to IEEE 802. 11 recommended channel model, the relation between forgo space path loss and distance d in breakpoint rundle is given by 5 LFS(d) = L0 + 10? 1lg(d), 0 d ? BP (9) According to the result, it shows that the positioning errors are reduced significantly. III. A. INDOOR POSITIONING SYSTEM where ? 1 is called distance-power-gradient up to breakpoint distance dBP, Lo represents the path loss in decibels at one meter distance. The overall path los for any distance is modeled as 5 Indoor-EKF GPS new-made years, indoor environment has been extended so that indoor positioning demands are extended, too. Furthermore, it becomes necessary in tunnels, supper huge plants, very high buildings etc, and giving snug for absent minder when household equipments are positioning.However, GPS is almost invalid in indoor environment. The reason is that GPS s ignal has low power. Even GPS signal can be received, the error positioning of GPS is not appropriate with Indoor applications. ?LFS (d ) +W, d ? dBP ? L(d ) = ? ? d ? ?LFS (dBP ) +10? 2 lg ? d ? +W, d dBP ? BP ? ? (10) where ? 2 is distance-power-gradient over break-point distance dBP. Its required at least four distances form user to pseudosatellites are determined for calculating the users coordinates. Fig. 4 shows calculation process for user position. Figure 6. The second model. Figure 4. Users coordinates calculation.B. In the next section, the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology will be used to implement this system. There are two implementation models The starting time model (Fig. 5) The RFID active chips are pseudo-satellites, and readers will be used as GPSs receivers. Modeling of system Definition of the sate vector and the characteristic equations for system are similar with outdoor case above. However, because of difference on distances calculating method , equation (7) and equation (8) are not used here. This equation below is replaced equation (7) LPi=L0 + 10? lg (di) , i=1? 4 (11) here di is distance between user and ith pseudo-satellite, LPi is value of path loss on distance di. W appears as representative of noises and interferences. Here, we assume that it is Gaussian distribution, ? is distance-power-gradient (we have not examined its change yet. Here, we assume that it is constant). After differentiating equations (11), we obtain dLPi = Figure 5. The kickoff model. 10? ( RX ? SRXi ). VX + ( RY ? SRYi). VY + ( RZ ? SRZi). VZ . ln10 di 2 + ? Wi , i=1,2,3,4 (12) The RFID active chips will transmit these data to readers The chips coordinates (in local coordinates) and its identification.The nominal value of transmitting power. The parameters in IEEE 802. 11 that supporting to correct distance measurements in each particular proposition environment. where (SXi,SYi,SZi) are coordinates of ith pseudo-satellite, (RX,RY,RZ)are coo rdinates of the user, VX, VY, VZ are x, y, z components of users velocity, dLPi means the renewing of path loss on distance di . We imply that the values are taken at nth sample. C. Simulation results for indoor-EKF GPS Data for simulation on Matlab7. 8. 0(R2009a) The second model (Fig. 8) The RFID active chips will be attached to users. Users will move in space that arranged with RFID readers.These readers will be machine-accessible to data fusion center. This center will determine users coordinates and send the result to users receiver by other channel link. Users initial velocity (1,2,1) meters/second Sampling rate 1000 samples/second Iteration steps 500 Process noise vector W = 5* NORMRND (0, 120, 3, 1) Process noise variance Q = 50* eye (3) Measurement noise vector V = 5 * NORMRND (0, 0. 4, 2, 1) Measurement noise variance R = eye (8) This simulation was repeated 100 times. The maximum error is about 0. 5 meters in case using EKF model, whereas 4. 5 meters in case witho ut EKF.Trajectory of user receiver in EKF model is not closed to trajectory of users motion correlative with appreciably positioning error. However the error reduces very rapidly by exponential curve. The average estimation error of EKF is very small than without EKF case. However, several points in curve are under suddenly changing errors. IV. CONCLUSION Fig. 7 shows the simulation results for Newton iteration and EKF iteration compared with the true position values. In positioning systems, the accuracy of positioning is very important. It must(prenominal) be appropriated with the positioning applications.The paper recommends one way to improve the accuracy of positioning using the EKF. The results of simulations show that the EKF reduce effect of noises on the accuracy of positioning significantly in both outdoor and indoor positioning systems. The Indoor-EKF GPS system is a suggestion model for the future indoor positioning. It is easy for implementation and expansion, since RFID is very popular and cheap today. Moreover, the Indoor-EKF GPS system has the same grammatical construction with GPS system, wherefore the handle equipment can be designed to keep the continuous positioning while moving between indoor-outdoor environments.REFERENCES 1. Ahmed EI-Rabbany, Introduction to GPS, Artech House, Inc, ISBN 1-58053-183-0, 2002, pp. 13-25,2741. 2. Grey Welch and Gary Bishop, An inception to the Kalman filter, Technical Report TR 95-041, 2001. 3. Jorge Quijano, Estimation of the position of a moving target using Extended Kalman Filter,term paper for the class ECE 510 statistical Signal Processing, winter 2006. 4. James Bao-Yen TSui, Fundamentals of Global Positioning System Receivers A Software Approach, John Wiley & Sons , Inc, ISBN 0-471-20054-9, 2000, pp. 9-15, 230-231. 5.Ahmad Hatami, Application of Channel Modeling for Indoor Location Using TOA and RSS, PhD Thesis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2006, pp. 14-19. Figure 8. Errors in indoor positioni ng. Figure 7. Simulate tracking Users trajectory in indoor environment. In Fig. 7, red curve simulates users motion, immature curve simulates calculated trajectory of user receiver without EKF, blue curve simulates calculated trajectory of user receiver in EKF model. Red points positioning errors without EKF. Green points positioning errors in EKF model. Comments on simulation results

Ethnic Paper Essay

Write a 100- to 200-word response to each of the following questions. Provide citations for each(prenominal) the sources you use. What is diversity? How is discrimination different from prejudice and stereotyping? Discrimination is the denial of opportunities and agree rights to individuals and groups because of predjudice or for other arbitrary reasons. Discrimination is different from predjudice and stereotyping because discrimination argon actual negative actions towards the objects of predjudice. Stereotype is an unreliable generalization of members of a particular(prenominal) group and predjudice is a negative attitude and emotion response to members of a group. What be the causes of discrimination? Discrimination can be caused from learned bearing If you grew up in a home where your parents discriminated against others, then your more than believably to do the same thing. Growing up in a similarity where there are mostly heap of the same race and members of a different race coming into your neighborhood can cause discrimination. I also believe ignorance is probably one of the main causes of discrimination people are blind to the fact that we are all human beings and realise feelings and everyone should be treated the same regardless of race, ethnicity, sex, oreientation, disability etc. How is discrimination faced by one identity group (race, ethnicity, religious beliefs, gender, inner orientation, age, or disability) the same as discrimination faced by another(prenominal)? How are they different?I would agree that sexual orientation and gender face similar discrimination if you are gay, straight transgender people lead look at you in disgust they will treat you otherwise and deny certain rights llke getting a job, marrying, and many more gender can be similar in the sense that you can be denied certain job positions and be incapable of performing certain duties particularly a fe manly who tries to attempt to do a job that is unremarkabl y done by a man.I think the difference in the two is sexual orientation is a much bigger chore and strict laws have been put into effect for people who discriminate against gays, transgender, lesbians and they are still continuing to fight for equal rights today like getting married as far as gender if youre male and female you have that right automaticall, whereas the gay community doesnt.Racial and cultural Groups (13th ed.) (Schaefer)

Paypal

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Also among the benefits of the famous service Papal, which determine its relevance , it is worth noting , such as the maximum ease of use , user-friendly interface , international, multilingual and multi-currency , the ability of mobile payments , the maximum level of safety , insurance funds. And that the company is irking without stopping in many countries to satisfy their customers.Example for innovation is mobile wallet Papal is ready to press forward their adoption by the insertion of additional services designed to course consumers a reason to use the Papal wallet into seve ral categories and merchants to use a reason to consider adding another method of payment. If Papal has several features, so why dont use it? My choice is Papal. 6. 0 Reference piece Wide Web HTTPS//www. Papal-media. Com/ http//www. Freelancer. Mix/page. PH? P=info/ legal injury HTTPS//www. Papal-media. Com/history